Michael L Sluss 
What is Type IV or Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)? Definition of Type IV or Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Advertisements Type IV or Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) is an immune response mediated by T cells rather than antibodies, characterized by a delayed onset (usually 24-72 hours) after exposure to an antigen. It involves the interaction of CD4+ T cells, … Read more
What is Flow Cytometry? Definition of Flow cytometry Advertisements Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology used to analyze and measure physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles in a fluid mixture. It provides rapid and quantitative information about cell size, complexity, and fluorescence intensity, enabling various applications in research and clinical settings. Purpose of … Read more
What are exons? Advertisements The history of the term “exon” dates back to 1978 when Walter Gilbert, an American biochemist, introduced the concept. Gilbert proposed a new perspective on the structure of genes, suggesting that the traditional idea of a cistron should be replaced by a transcription unit consisting of regions that would be lost … Read more
What is PAM Sequence (Protospacer adjacent motif)? Protospacer Adjacent Motif, or PAM, is a type of two-factor authentication that tells Cas to only cut the foreign DNA that is invading. A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence that comes right after the DNA sequence that the Cas9 nuclease wants to cut … Read more
What is Intron? Introns are sequences that exist between two exons in eukaryotes. They do not code for proteins directly. They are eliminated prior to mRNA translation into proteins. Therefore, these introns are subjected to splicing. Introns, which are the non-coding portions of nucleotides, are not highly conserved. Therefore, removing introns is necessary to prevent … Read more
RNA Interference Definition Advertisements RNA interference is the process by which RNA molecules suppress gene expression by neutralising the targeted messenger RNA molecules. RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that is triggered by double-stranded RNA and employs the gene’s own DNA sequence to silence it. This is referred to as gene silencing. It is … Read more
What is Enhancer RNA? Enhancer RNAs, or eRNAs, are small molecules of non-coding RNA that are transcribed from enhancer loci. They are involved in the regulation of gene transcription and can be used to treat disease. 2010 saw the discovery of enhancer RNAs using high-throughput sequencing to locate stimuli-dependent enhancers. This demonstrated the RNA polymerase … Read more
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