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In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.
Advertisements The concept of using fluorescence to study biological materials dates back to the late 19th century, but the first practical fluorescence microscope was not developed until the 1930s. In 1938, Robert Goldstein and Richard Manly, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, published a paper describing the use of fluorescence to study cells and … Read more
What is Ames Test? Definition of Ames Test Advertisements The Ames test is a biological assay developed by Bruce Ames, used to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds by observing their ability to induce mutations in specific strains of bacteria, primarily Salmonella typhimurium. A positive result indicates that the chemical may be mutagenic and … Read more
What is cDNA cloning? Definition of Complementary DNA or cDNA Advertisements Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a form of DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. It represents the coding sequence of genes and is commonly used in gene cloning and expression studies. cDNA Cloning Definition cDNA … Read more
Advertisements The retinoids, a group of molecules related to the dietary retinol (vitamin A) , are essential for vision and reproduction, growth and the maintenance of epithelial tissue. They also play an essential part in the immune system. Retinoic acid, which is derived by oxidation of retinol plays a major role in the action of … Read more
the presence of an infinite amount of substrate and is therefore impossible to determine Km and Vmax from a hyperbolic graph. Due to this issue the equation of Michaelis-Menten was converted into an equation of straight lines using Lineweaver along with Burk.
What is Nylander’s Test? Advertisements Nylander’s Test, a renowned chemical assay, is primarily employed to ascertain the presence of reducing sugars within a given sample. Reducing sugars, as the name suggests, possess the inherent ability to act as reducing agents. Therefore, when these sugars, such as fructose and glucose, are subjected to alkaline conditions, they … Read more
The concept of Blood grouping was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, who was an Austrian-American immunologist and pathologist. He received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for this discovery.
What is Most Probable Number (MPN) Test? Advertisements The Most Probable Number (MPN) test is a widely recognized method employed to determine the concentration of viable microorganisms in a given sample. This method involves the use of liquid broth growth in ten-fold dilutions to replicate and estimate microbial populations. It is especially beneficial for samples … Read more
Advertisements Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification brings evolutionary changes in classification system of organisms. Since the centuries, biologists are trying to classify organisms in different ways. Even, Greek philosopher and polymath Aristotle tried to classify organisms on the basis of their habitats, such as whether they lived on land, water, or air. Then Carolus Linnaeus proposed … Read more
What is Dark Field Microscopy? Definition of Dark Field Microscope Advertisements A darkfield microscope is a type of optical microscope that uses oblique illumination to light the specimen, causing it to appear bright against a dark background. This technique enhances the visibility of transparent and living specimens by excluding the unscattered light from the image. … Read more
What is an Inverted Microscope? Inverted Microscope Definition Advertisements An inverted microscope is a specialized light microscope where the light source and condenser are positioned above the specimen stage, while the objectives and turret are below the stage, allowing for the viewing of specimens from a bottom-up perspective. This design is opposite to that of … Read more
What is Methyl Red (MR) Test? Objectives of Methyl Red (MR) Test Advertisements The objectives of the Methyl Red (MR) Test can be outlined as follows: Principle of Methyl Red test The principle of the Methyl Red (MR) test is based on assessing the ability of an organism to produce and maintain stable acid end products … Read more
What is pH Meter? Definition of pH Meter Advertisements A pH meter is a scientific instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solutions by determining the hydrogen-ion activity, expressed as pH. It operates based on the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode. What is pH? In … Read more
Nutrient agar is an essential culture medium that is commonly used for the cultivation of non-fastidious microorganisms. It can also be used to ensure quality control and quality prior to serological or biochemical tests.
Gram-staining used to differentiate between Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Difference Between Light Microscope and Electron Microscope
The Electron Transport Chain is made of different protein complexes which perform a redox reaction to transfer electrons from electron donor to electron acceptor and also perform the transfer of protons from matrix to intermembrane space.
What is Bright Field Microscope? Bright Field Microscope Definition Advertisements The Brightfield Microscope, often termed the Compound Light Microscope, is an optical instrument that utilizes light rays to produce a dark image against a bright background, primarily used in biological studies to observe stained specimens. Principle of Brightfield Microscope The Brightfield Microscope operates on a … Read more
Cell membrane (also called”the plasma membrane (PM) or the cytoplasmic membrane and has been traditionally known as”the plasmalemma) is a membrane in the body which separates the inner part and exterior of cells. It also separates them from their external environment (the extracellular spaces) and shields cells from the elements.
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