What does PCR stand for?
a) Polymerization Chain Reaction
b) Polymerase Change Reaction
c) Polymerase Chain Replication
d) Polymerization Change Replication
Answer: a) Polymerization Chain Reaction
Who developed the PCR technique?
a) Kary Mullis
b) James Watson
c) Francis Crick
d) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: a) Kary Mullis
What is the purpose of PCR?
a) To amplify DNA
b) To sequence DNA
c) To cut DNA
d) To isolate DNA
Answer: a) To amplify DNA
What enzyme is used in PCR to amplify DNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) Ligase
Answer: a) DNA polymerase
What is the temperature range for denaturation in PCR?
a) 50-55°C
b) 60-65°C
c) 70-75°C
d) 90-95°C
Answer: d) 90-95°C
What is the temperature range for annealing in PCR?
a) 50-55°C
b) 60-65°C
c) 70-75°C
d) 90-95°C
Answer: a) 50-55°C
What is the temperature range for extension in PCR?
a) 50-55°C
b) 60-65°C
c) 70-75°C
d) 90-95°C
Answer: c) 70-75°C
What is the purpose of the PCR primers?
a) To denature the DNA
b) To anneal to the DNA template
c) To extend the DNA strand
d) To amplify the DNA
Answer: b) To anneal to the DNA template
How many cycles are typically run in a PCR reaction?
a) 10-15 cycles
b) 20-25 cycles
c) 30-35 cycles
d) 40-45 cycles
Answer: c) 30-35 cycles
What is the purpose of the final extension step in PCR?
a) To denature the DNA
b) To anneal the primers
c) To amplify the DNA
d) To add extra nucleotides to the ends of the DNA strands
Answer: d) To add extra nucleotides to the ends of the DNA strands
What is the minimum number of primers needed for a PCR reaction?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b) 2
What is the purpose of the PCR buffer?
a) To provide a suitable pH for the reaction
b) To denature the DNA
c) To anneal the primers
d) To amplify the DNA
Answer: a) To provide a suitable pH for the reaction
Which of the following is not a type of PCR?
a) qPCR
b) RT-PCR
c) Nested PCR
d) DNA-PCR
Answer: d) DNA-PCR
What is the purpose of the fluorescent probe in qPCR?
a) To denature the DNA
b) To anneal the primers
c) To amplify the DNA
d) To detect the amplified DNA in real-time
Answer: d) To detect the amplified DNA in real-time
Which of the following is not a component of a PCR reaction mix?
a) Template DNA
b) Primers
c) DNA polymerase
d) RNA polymerase
What is the purpose of the hot start technique in PCR?
a) To increase the reaction temperature
b) To reduce nonspecific amplification
c) To improve the efficiency of the reaction
d) To add extra nucleotides to the ends of the DNA strands
Answer: b) To reduce nonspecific amplification
Which of the following is an advantage of digital PCR over traditional PCR?
a) Higher throughput
b) Greater sensitivity
c) Lower cost
d) Shorter run time
Answer: b) Greater sensitivity
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in PCR?
a) To amplify DNA
b) To sequence DNA
c) To cut DNA
d) To visualize amplified DNA products
Answer: d) To visualize amplified DNA products
What is the purpose of the PCR product in Sanger sequencing?
a) To amplify the DNA
b) To sequence the DNA
c) To cut the DNA
d) To isolate the DNA
Answer: b) To sequence the DNA
What is the purpose of the reverse transcription step in RT-PCR?
a) To denature the RNA
b) To anneal the primers
c) To amplify the RNA
d) To convert RNA to cDNA
Answer: d) To convert RNA to cDNA