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MCQ on Plant Tissue Culture

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Plant tissue culture is a technique used to grow and maintain plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile, controlled environment. The cells or tissues are typically grown on a nutrient-rich medium containing the necessary vitamins, minerals, and hormones for growth.

Plant tissue culture is a useful tool for studying plant growth and development, as well as for the production of disease-resistant and genetically uniform plants. It can also be used to produce large numbers of plants with desirable traits, such as those with high yields or improved resistance to environmental stresses.

The process of plant tissue culture typically involves the following steps:

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  1. Selection of plant material: A small piece of plant tissue, such as a leaf, stem, or root, is selected for use in the culture.
  2. Sterilization: The plant material is sterilized using a combination of physical and chemical treatments to remove any microorganisms that may be present.
  3. Culture initiation: The sterilized plant tissue is placed on a nutrient-rich medium, where it is allowed to grow and form a callus, a mass of undifferentiated cells.
  4. Subculturing: The callus is then transferred to a fresh medium, where it can continue to grow and differentiate into specific plant tissues, such as roots or shoots.

Plant tissue culture can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

  • Micropropagation: The rapid production of large numbers of identical plants for agricultural or horticultural purposes.
  • Somatic embryogenesis: The production of embryos from plant cells other than the egg and sperm cells.
  • Protoplast fusion: The fusion of protoplasts, or cells with their cell walls removed, from different plant species to create hybrid plants.
  • Anther culture: The production of haploid plants from pollen grains.
  • Production of secondary metabolites: The production of compounds, such as pharmaceuticals or flavors, that are found in plants.

While plant tissue culture has many advantages, such as the ability to produce large numbers of genetically identical plants, it also has some disadvantages, including the potential for genetic uniformity and the high cost and technical expertise required.

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What is plant tissue culture?
a. It is the use of chemicals to grow plants
b. It is the growth of plants from seeds
c. It is the growth of plant cells or tissues in vitro
d. It is the study of plant diseases
Answer: c

Which plant part is commonly used for tissue culture?
a. Roots
b. Stems
c. Leaves
d. All of the above
Answer: d

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What is the advantage of using plant tissue culture?
a. It allows for the rapid propagation of plants
b. It reduces the risk of genetic variation
c. It allows for the production of disease-resistant plants
d. All of the above
Answer: d

What is a callus in plant tissue culture?
a. A growth of cells on the surface of a plant
b. A type of tissue that grows in the roots
c. A mass of undifferentiated cells that forms on a plant tissue culture medium
d. None of the above
Answer: c

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Which hormone is commonly used to induce shoot formation in plant tissue culture?
a. Auxin
b. Cytokinin
c. Gibberellin
d. Ethylene
Answer: b

Which technique is used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells?
a. Transduction
b. Transformation
c. Transfection
d. Translocation
Answer: b

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Which plant tissue culture technique is used for the production of virus-free plants?
a. Micropropagation
b. Somatic embryogenesis
c. Protoplast fusion
d. None of the above
Answer: a

What is the purpose of a plant tissue culture medium?
a. To provide nutrients to the growing plant cells
b. To maintain a sterile environment
c. To provide a surface for plant cells to grow on
d. All of the above
Answer: d

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What is somatic embryogenesis?
a. The production of embryos from plant cells other than the egg and sperm cells
b. The production of embryos from the egg and sperm cells
c. The production of embryos from seedlings
d. None of the above
Answer: a

Which plant tissue culture technique involves the fusion of protoplasts from two different plant species?
a. Micropropagation
b. Somatic embryogenesis
c. Protoplast fusion
d. None of the above
Answer: c

What is the purpose of sterilization in plant tissue culture?
a. To kill any bacteria or fungi present in the culture
b. To prevent the plant cells from dying
c. To increase the growth rate of the plant cells
d. None of the above
Answer: a

What is the main disadvantage of plant tissue culture?
a. It is time-consuming
b. It is expensive
c. It requires a high level of expertise
d. It can lead to genetic uniformity
Answer: d

Which plant tissue culture technique is used to produce haploid plants?
a. Micropropagation
b. Somatic embryogenesis
c. Protoplast fusion
d. Anther culture
Answer: d

What is the purpose of plant tissue culture in the pharmaceutical industry?
a. To produce drugs from plant cells
b. To study the effects of drugs on plants
c. To develop new plant-based medicines
d. None of the above
Answer: a

Which plant tissue culture technique is used to produce secondary metabolites?
a. Micropropagation
b. Somatic embryogenesis
c. Protoplast fusion
d. None of the above
Answer: d

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