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MCQ on Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that occurs naturally as part of normal development, tissue maintenance, and immune system function. It is a tightly regulated and orderly process that involves the activation of specific genes and signaling pathways to initiate the dismantling of the cell’s components, without causing damage to surrounding tissues. Apoptosis … Read more

MCQ on Necrosis

Necrosis is a type of cell death that occurs in living tissue, usually as a result of disease, injury, or infection. It is characterized by the uncontrolled breakdown of cellular structures, which can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Necrosis can be acute or chronic and can result in a range of symptoms, including pain, … Read more

MCQ on Spirogyra

Spirogyra is a genus of freshwater green algae in the division Chlorophyta. It is commonly found in freshwater environments and is known for its long, spiral-shaped chloroplasts. The cells of Spirogyra are cylindrical or spiral in shape, and they are joined end to end to form a filament. Spirogyra is a primary producer, meaning it … Read more

MCQ on Nosocomial Infection

What is Nosocomial Infection? A nosocomial infection, also known as a hospital-acquired infection, is an infection that is contracted by a patient during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation center. Nosocomial infections can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including … Read more

MCQ on Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are highly host-adapted viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in human hosts. (a) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and (b) herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) are the two forms of HSVs (HSV-2). Both types share DNA homology, antigenic determinants, tissue tropism, and illness symptoms, but their epidemiology … Read more

MCQ on Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae? Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus, is a type of bacterium that can cause a variety of infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media (middle ear infection). It is a gram-positive, spherical bacterium that typically lives in the upper respiratory tract of humans and is commonly found in the nasal … Read more

MCQ on Culture Media

What is Culture media? Culture media is a nutrient-rich solution used to grow microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. It typically contains a combination of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, that are essential for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Culture media can be prepared in different forms such as solid, liquid … Read more

MCQ on Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

What is Fluorescence Spectrophotometry? Fluorescence spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure the intensity of light emitted by a sample when it is excited by a specific wavelength of light. The sample, typically a dilute solution, is first irradiated with a beam of light of a specific wavelength (excitation wavelength) that is absorbed by the … Read more

MCQ on Different Types of Microscopes

A microscope is an instrument used to magnify small objects or details that are difficult to see with the naked eye. It typically consists of one or more lenses and a system for illuminating the object being viewed. Microscopes are used in a variety of fields, including biology, medicine, and engineering, to study cells, tissues, … Read more

MCQ on Serial Dilution

What Is Serial Dilution? Serial dilution is a laboratory technique used to reduce the concentration of a substance, typically a chemical or biological sample, in a series of steps. This is done by adding a known volume of the original sample to an equal volume of diluent, such as water or buffer, in a series … Read more

MCQ on Affinity chromatography

What is Affinity chromatography? Affinity Chromatography is a method of separating and purifying biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules from a complex mixture by using specific interactions between the biomolecule of interest and an immobilized ligand. The immobilized ligand is covalently attached to a solid support, such as beads or a column, … Read more

MCQ on Bioreactor

A bioreactor is a device or system that is used to cultivate and grow biological cells, tissues, or organisms under controlled conditions. Bioreactors provide a controlled environment for cells to grow, allowing for the production of high-quality, consistent products. They are used in many industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and tissue engineering. Bioreactors can … Read more

MCQ on Incinerator

An incinerator is a device used to burn waste materials, typically as a method of disposal. Incineration is a process of thermally oxidizing waste materials in the presence of oxygen to convert them into ash, flue gas, and heat. The basic principle of an incinerator is thermally oxidizing the waste materials to reduce the volume … Read more

MCQ on Rabies Virus

Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system and is almost always fatal if left untreated. The virus is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, although it can also be transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids or tissues. The rabies virus is found in the saliva of infected … Read more

MCQ on Filtration

Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing the mixture through a filter medium that allows the liquid or gas to pass through, but retains the solid particles. The process of filtration can be used to remove impurities, purify liquids or gases, or to separate particles based on size … Read more

MCQ on Blood Agar

Blood agar is a type of agar plate used in microbiology to grow and isolate microorganisms, particularly bacteria. It is made by adding sterile blood to the agar base, which typically consists of peptones, beef extract, and agar. The blood can come from various sources, such as sheep, horse, or human, and is typically heated … Read more

MCQ on Alkaline Peptone Water

Alkaline peptone water is a nutrient medium that is used to isolate and cultivate certain types of microorganisms, such as Vibrio species. It is made by adding peptone, a mixture of hydrolyzed proteins, to water, and adjusting the pH to a slightly alkaline level (typically between 7.5 and 8.5). The pH of the medium is … Read more

MCQ on Fascioliasis

Fascioliasis is a type of parasitic disease caused by the liver fluke, a type of parasitic flatworm. It is transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, particularly raw or undercooked freshwater plants such as watercress. Symptoms of fascioliasis may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and jaundice. In severe cases, the infection can … Read more

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