Virology

Nov 14 · 11 min read

Diagnostic Techniques of Viruses - Molecular and Immunological Techniques

Vaccines have so far held the center position in efforts to stop viruses. They are inexpensive and secure, and the protection can last for a long time. But some viruses because of a number of reasons, aren't compatible with this method like retroviruses, influenza as well as rhinoviruses and arboviruses.

Nov 14 · 11 min read

Antiviral Chemotherapy

Nov 14 · 21 min read

Scientists use a variety of methods for making vaccines. They are based on research on the diseases (caused by bacteria or viruses) the vaccine is designed to be able to prevent, like the way that germs infect cells, and the way the immune system responds to it.

Nov 14 · 21 min read

Types of Vaccines With Examples

Nov 13 · 4 min read

A typical vaccine has an ingredient that resembles the microorganism that causes illness and is typically made from weak or dead forms from the microbes, their toxicants, as well as one or more of the surface proteins.

Nov 13 · 4 min read

How Are Vaccines Made?

Nov 13 · 5 min read

Viruses are extremely immunegenic and cause two kinds of immune responses: the humoral and the cellular. The range of specificities of B and T cells is derived from changes in the somatic genome and rearrangements. T B cells and T typically recognise the exact epitopes within the exact virus. B cells recognize the free proteins unaltered in their original 3-D configuration...

Nov 13 · 5 min read

Viral Immunology

Nov 13 · 7 min read

The local spread of the infection within the epithelium happens when the virus is released and infects adjacent cells. The infections are typically controlled by the physical limitations of the tissue, and are managed by the inherent immune and innate defenses.

Nov 13 · 7 min read

Viral Spread and Organ Invasion of Virus

Nov 13 · 6 min read

Viral Spread and Organ Invasion of Virus

Viral entry is the first phase of infection in the viral life cycle when the virus is in contact with the cell of its host and injects virus-related material into the cell.

Nov 13 · 6 min read

Viral Entry Into The Host Body

Nov 12 · 4 min read

Pathogenesis refers to the process by which infection by viruses causes illness. Thus, it is a description of the mechanism by which initial infection triggers the development of disease.

Nov 12 · 4 min read

Viral Pathogenesis Definition, Mechanisms, Factors

Nov 12 · 10 min read

Viral Pathogenesis Definition, Mechanisms, Factors.

Viral replication is the process of forming of biological viruses in the course of the infection process within the host cells. A virus has to go through the process of reproduction to generate new, infectious virions which are able to infect cells within the body and subsequent hosts.

Nov 12 · 10 min read

Viral Replication Cycle – Definition, Steps, Mechanisms

Nov 12 · 17 min read

Viral Replication Cycle - Definition, Steps, Mechanisms

Tissue Culture is the term used to describe the process of removing tissues, cells or organs from either a plant or animal and their subsequent transfer into an artificial environment that encourages development.

Nov 12 · 17 min read

Animal Cell Culture Types, Application, Advantages and disadvantages.

Nov 6 · 10 min read

Animal Cell Culture Types, Application, Advantages and disadvantages.

The One Step Growth Curve was first described by Max Delbriick and Emory Ellis in 1939 and started modern bacteriophage research.

Nov 6 · 10 min read

One Step Growth Curve of Virus

Jun 27 · 3 min read

Diagnosis of viral infections Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections is a complex process. There are present three types of diagnosis methods for a viral infection such as (1) direct detection, (2) indirect examination (virus isolation), and (3) serology. The direct method of viral diagnosis is accomplished by observing the viral specimen directly under microscopes, to

Jun 27 · 3 min read

Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections

Sep 21 · 5 min read

Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections

Viroids Definition In 1971, a plant pathologist named Theodor Otto Diener first discovered the Viroids. He found an acellular particle when he was working in an Agriculture Research Service and named this particle as viroid, meaning “virus-like.” At present-33 species of viroid have been identified. Viroids are known as the smallest infectious pathogens which are

Sep 21 · 5 min read

Viroids Definition, Infection, Structure, Examples, Diagnostic, Origin, Disease.

Sep 16 · 3 min read

The virus uses the host’s complete system for protein translation because they lack translational machinery. Hence, the Baltimore classification system is based on this machinery how viruses use the host mechanism. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the main focus of this classification system. In the beginning, there were six classes of viruses in Baltimore classification system

Sep 16 · 3 min read

Baltimore classification System of Viruses

Sep 14 · 4 min read

Baltimore classification System of viruses

Introduction In our daily life, we are thinking about Viral Infection and their symptoms, when we get infected by any infectious virus such as the flu or the chickenpox. But ever you ask, what’s actually happening in your body when you have been infected by a virus? In biology, viral infection means viruses are started

Sep 14 · 4 min read

Viral Life Cycle: Steps of Viral Infection

Sep 11 · 4 min read

Viral Life Cycle: Steps of Viral Infection

Introduction It is estimated that there is approximately 10^31 virus on earth, which is over ten million times more than the entire stars in the universe. All of these viruses are not infectious to humans, most of them are living in oceans and they attack bacteria and other microbes. What is Virus? Virus is a

Sep 11 · 4 min read

Virus Structure and Application, Origin, Definition, Characters, and Example.

Sep 7 · 7 min read

What is Dexamethasone? Figure: Chemical structure of dexamethasone | Image by: Maria Palmira Gremiao | Source: www.researchgate.net In 1957, an American physician Philip Showalter Hench first made this drug. Dexamethasone is corticosteroid medication (Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates). Dexamethasone used for the treatment of

Sep 7 · 7 min read

Dexamethasone: Mechanism, Application, Side effects.

Jun 18 · 1 min read

Finally a piece of good news for COVID-19 patients. A recent study on Dexamethasone has found that it will help to decrease the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. Dexamethasone Is a corticosteroid medication that is cheap and widely available. The result of this new trial suggests that the drug should become standard cure in

Jun 18 · 1 min read

Dexamethasone: Finally good news for COVID-19 Patients

Jun 18 · 2 min read

Virulence Definition Virulence define the intensity of a pathogen to cause disease. The Virulence varies among different microbial species. Virulence enables the microorganism to carry a specific character which can damage the tissue of the host cell. Virulence helps the microorganism to better survive its residency in the host. The virulence property of an organism varies

Jun 18 · 2 min read

Pathogen Virulence Factors Definition and Pathogenicity

Jun 11 · 5 min read

Jun 11 · 5 min read

Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including (but not limited to) their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation and genetics.

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 4)

1. The transfer of genetic material during transformation is proved basing on Griffith’s experiment by a. Avery Macleod &...

Oct 8 · 2 min read

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 3)

1. Electron microscope gives magnification upto a. 100 X b. 2000 X c. 50,000 X d. 2,00,000 X

Oct 8 · 1 min read

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 2)

The term mutation was coined by a. Pasteur b. Darwin c. Hugo devries d. Lamark

Oct 7 · 1 min read

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 1)

Answers a a a b b a b d c b b c b d c d b a...

Oct 5 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Biochemistry MCQ

MCQ on Basic of Biochemistry (Part 1)

Which of the following is required for crystallization and storage of the hormone insulin?

Jun 10 · 34 sec read

MCQs on Microbiology Part 2

1. C, 2. D, 3. D, 4. A, 5. C, 6. B, 7. C, 8. C, D, 9. A,...

Apr 19 · 1 min read

MCQ on Microscope Part 1

1. C, 2. A, 3. D, 4. B, 5. C, 6. D, 7. B, 8. E, 9. D, 10....

Apr 19 · 2 min read

Microbiology MCQ With Answer Key (Part 1)

Microbiology MCQ With Answer Key (Part 1) contain important multiple choice questions with answers for different competitive examinations. Answer...

Apr 18 · 1 min read

MCQs on Microorganisms

1. The phospholipids present in cytoplasm membrane of the archaeo-bacteria is phosphoglycerides polyisoprenoid polyisoprenoid branched chain lipids none of...

Dec 5 · 1 min read

MCQs on Medical Microbiology

1. Which of the following is an example of live vaccine? Pertussis Cholera Measles Rubella 2. Triple toxoid vaccine...

Nov 3 · 35 sec read

Microbiology Question Answers On Morphology of Bacterial Cell

give Answers of these following MCQs on Morphology of Bacterial Cell, and test your knowledge.

Oct 26 · 1 min read

Microbiology Question Answers On Morphology of Bacterial Cell

Top and Best Books for Microbiology

In this article we will discuss about the Top and Best Books for Microbiology. Best Microbiology Textbook for B.Sc...

Jun 3 · 4 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

In this article we will discuss about the Best and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology. 1....

Jun 3 · 3 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

In this article we will discuss about Best and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 1. Gene Cloning...

Jun 3 · 4 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best Books for Medical Microbiology and Immunology

In this article we will discuss about top and best books for Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 1. Ananthanarayan and...

Jun 3 · 6 min read

Sourav Bio in Recommended Books

Best Books for Soil and Environmental Microbiology

1. Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications (4th Edition) 4th Edition by Ronald M. Atlas (Author), Richard Bartha (Author) Staying...

May 14 · 5 min read

Best Books for Industrial and Food Microbiology

This edition provides various aspects of biotechnology and microbiology written in a simple and lucid style to help the...

Feb 13 · 4 min read

Best Books For Microbial Metabolism

Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition) Author: Michael T. Madigan (Author), John M. Martinko (Author), Kelly S. Bender (Author),...

Sep 4 · 4 min read

12 Best Books on Bacteriology and Virology

Maintaining an emphasis on the principles of microbiology, this second edition of the text has been expanded to cover...

Jul 6 · 6 min read

Best Book for BHU PET Applied Microbiology

12 Best books for Introduction and Scope of Microbiology

Tortora, Funke, and Case’s Microbiology, An Introduction brings a 21st-century lens to the #1 best-selling text on the market....

Jul 3 · 7 min read

10 Best Books for Instrumentation and Biotechniques

This best-selling undergraduate textbook provides an introduction to key experimental techniques from across the biosciences. It uniquely integrates the...

Jul 2 · 6 min read

Chloroquine solution Preparation and Uses

12 Best Books for Agriculture and Soil Microbiology

This fifth edition of the classic textbook in plant pathology outlines how to recognize, treat, and prevent plant diseases....

Jul 2 · 6 min read

11 Best Books for Inheritance Biology

Principles of Genetics is one of the most popular texts in use for the introductory course. It opens a...

Jul 2 · 5 min read

10 Best Books for Biomathematics and Biostatistics

For anyone looking for a readable alternative to the usual unwieldy calculus text, here's a concise, no-nonsense approach to...

Jul 1 · 5 min read

Ziehl Neelsen Stain Principle, Procedure, Result.

12 Best Books for Plant Pathology

Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition, is the most comprehensive resource and textbook that professionals, faculty and students can consult for...

Jul 1 · 6 min read

11 Best books for Advances in Microbiology (Practical)

This collection of diverse articles by the pioneers of modern genomics takes stock of the current state of the...

Jun 30 · 6 min read

15 Best Books for Microbial Biotechnology

1. Basic Biotechnology Author: by Colin Ratledge (Editor), Bjorn Kristiansen (Editor) Biotechnology is one of the major technologies of...

Jun 30 · 7 min read

15 Best Books for Bioinformatics

A First Course In Computers 2003 Edition (With Cd). Foundations of Computing (English, Paperback, Sinhs Pradeep K.)

Jun 12 · 8 min read

Best Book for BHU PET Applied Microbiology

If you are searching for best Books for BHU PET Applied Microbiology, than here is the list; 1. Prescott’s...

Apr 21 · 7 min read

Best books for CSIR NET Life Science

Hey, if you are searching for best books to prepare for csir net life sciences, then here it is....

Apr 21 · 7 min read