Ultracentrifuge Definition, Principle, Types, Uses
Ultracentrifuge is an advanced and sophisticated centrifuge that runs at a high rate and is able to separate smaller molecules that can’t be separated from traditional centrifuges.
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Ultracentrifuge is an advanced and sophisticated centrifuge that runs at a high rate and is able to separate smaller molecules that can’t be separated from traditional centrifuges.
agulation of proteins is a test in biochemistry to find whether there are proteins such as albumin and globulin found in proteins. The coagulation of proteins in reaction the heat stimulus is an typical phenomenon. The process of coagulation by heat of proteins happens in two phases; denaturation or Agglutination, or the dissociation of the protein denatured in the form it is in.
A Laminar flow cabinet or hood is an enclosed workspace that creates an environment free of contaminants by using filters to remove all particles that enter the cabinet.
Density gradient centrifugation refers to an approach to separation between molecules, where the separation is determined by the density of the molecules when they travel through a gradient under the force of centrifugal.
Differential centrifugation (also called the differential velocity method) is a common process in the fields of biochemistry and cell biology it is utilized to differentiate organelles and other subcellular particles by their sedimentation rates.
Because the aim of biologists is to cultivate microorganisms or eukaryotic cells with no introduction of any extraneous organisms aseptic methods are essential for ensuring that experiments are conducted with precision and accuracy. Always keep in mind that a totally safe working environment for scientists does not exist.
A light microscope may be used to see and examine the vacuole’s structure. While the vacuole doesn’t stain as the other organelles of the cell (because it does not contain many constituents that stain) tests have demonstrated that staining is possible for this organelle because the vacuole’s sap absorbs and stores dyes that are colored.
Autoclaving is one method that uses steam to sterilize. Autoclave bags are utilized for sterilization at high temperatures to keep low-temperature plastics in the autoclave bags from sticking against the side of the sterilizer or obstructing the plumbing for the sterilizer’s vent.
Iodine testing is a chemical test that distinguishes mono- or diaccharides from polysaccharides such as amylase, glycogen, and dextrin. Starch-iodine is a variant of this test. It’s used to determine if there is glucose in the leaves.
To ensure that clinical specimens are properly cultured, two types of media are required. The non-selective medium (e.g. Brain Heart Infusion Agar) should be used. Other media should be specific and tailored to isolate pathogenic fungi.
Raymond Sabouraud created Sabouraud Dextrose Aga or SDA in 1892. Sabouraud Dextrose Aggar is useful in the cultivation of fungi (yeasts and moulds), especially for skin infections.
Biochemical Test of Providencia stuartii Basic Characteristics Properties (Providencia stuartii) Capsule Non-Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas from glucose Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Positive (+ve) Motility Positive (+ve) MR (Methyl Red) Positive (+ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) … Read more
Biochemical Test of Hafnia alvei Basic Characteristics Properties (Hafnia alvei) Capsule Non-Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas from Glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Motile MR (Methyl Red) Variable Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) … Read more
Cystine tryptic agar (CTA) which is also referred to as cystine trypticase agar was created by Vera as an semi-solid growth medium to identify and maintain the health of microorganisms for long time period of time when stored at suitable temperatures. It’s used for determination of the motility of bacteria and, when combined with carbohydrate, is involved in the fermentation process and the differentiation of microorganisms that are fastidious, such as Neisseria and streptococci, as well as pneumococci and non-spore-forming anaerobes.
Peptone Yeast Extract Broth Based Media are enriched nonselective media which include hemin and vitamin K to aid in the recovery of aggressive organisms like Prevotella Spp., Porphyromonas species, as well as the Bacteroides fragileis group.
MacConkey Sorbitol Agar is an adaptation of the formulation that was described by Rappaport and Henigh. It is selective and differential media for the detection of sorbitol-nonfermenting Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis. E. coli serotype O157:H7 is a human pathogen that is associated with hemorrhagic colitis which is caused by the actions of a Shiga-like toxins (SLT).
MRS Broth was developed by deMan, and co. in order to facilitate the most abundant growth of lactobacilli derived from feces, oral and other samples. Lactobacilli MRS Broth is a better media for lactobacilli. It allows for healthy growth and is especially suitable for several very discerning strains that grow poorly in other media.
Roantree et al introduced a medium for the isolation of streptococci from group A beta-hemolytic. The medium was enriched with yeast nucleic acids and maltose boosted the size of colonies and improved the clarity, sharpness and precision of the hemolytic zones created by these organisms.
Thayer and Martin have reported improvement of the Chocolate Agar formulation that contained antimicrobics vancomycin and colistin, Nystatin. These ingredients were added to limit the growth of contaminants, inhibit the development of the saprophytic Neisseria sp. and to enhance the development of the pathogenic Neisseria. Martin and Lester have added an antibiotic, trimethoprim, which made them more selective. They also demonstrated to be effective in the fight against Proteus spp. Trimethoprim lactate refrains Proteus swarming. The resultant medium is known as Modified Thayer Martin. It’s a suitable and rich medium to isolate as well as cultivation of the Neisseria species. from mixed flora and suppression of other Gram-negative diplococci and gram-negative bacilli yeast and other gram-positive organisms.
What is Thayer Martin Medium? Composition of Martin Lewis Agar Ingredients Gms/L Casein Peptone 7.5 Meat Peptone 7.5 Corn Starch 1.0 Potassium Phosphate, dibasic 4.0 Potassium Phosphate, monobasic 1.0 Sodium Chloride 5.0 Agar 10.0 Hemoglobin 10.0 Dextrose 1.5 Enrichment Bio-X 10 ml Antibiotics V.C.A.T 10 ml pH 7.2 +/- 0.2 at 25º C Enrichment Bio-X … Read more
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