Contribution of Microbiologist: Selman Waksman, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Charles Nicolle, Gerhard Domagk, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, Max Theiler.

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Contribution of Microbiologist
Contribution of Microbiologist: Selman Waksman, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Charles Nicolle, Gerhard Domagk, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, Max Theiler.

1. Julius Wagner-Jauregg

  • Julius Wagner-Jauregg was born on 7 March 1857.
  • He was an Austrian physician.
  • In 1927 he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
  • His other name is Julius Wagner.
  • He died at the age of 83 on 27 September 1940.

Contribution

  • He discovered the malariotherapy, in which he used malaria parasites for treatment of dementia paralytica disease.
  • He developed secondary sexual characteristics and diminished psychosis with the administration of thyroid and ovarian preparations to young psychotic patients.

2. Charles Nicolle

  • The full name of Charles Nicolle is Charles Jules Henry Nicolle.
  • He was born on 21 September 1866 in Rouen, France.
  • He was a French bacteriologist.
  • He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his contribution.
  • He died at the age of 69 on 28 February 1936.

Contribution

  • Charles Nicolle discovered the transmission processes of typhus fever. He discovered that that typhus is transmitted by body lice, for this he received The Nobel Prize.
  • Introduction of a vaccination for Malta fever.
  • Discovered the transmission method of tick fever.
  • Identify the  Toxoplasma gondii , which was found in tissues of the gundi.

3. Gerhard Domagk

  • The full name of Gerhard Domagk is Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk.
  • He was born on 30 October 1895 in Lagow, Brandenburg
  • He was a German pathologist and bacteriologist.
  • He received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
  • He died at the age of 68 on 24 April 1964.

Contribution

  • He discovered the Sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730), which was the first commercially available antibiotic. The brand name was Prontosil.

4. Howard Florey

  • The full name of Howard Florey is Howard Walter Florey.
  • He was born on 24 September 1898 in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • He was a Australian pharmacologist and pathologist.
  • He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin.
  • He died at the age of 69 on 21 February 1968.

Contribution

  • He carried out the first ever clinical trials of penicillin in 1941, his first patient was a police constable from Oxford.
  • He discovered the properties of penicillin.

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5. Ernst Chain

  • The full name of Ernst Chain is Sir Ernst Boris Chain.
  • He was born on 19 June 1906 in Berlin, Germany.
  • He was a German pathologist and bacteriologist.
  • He received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
  • He died at the age of 73 on 12 August 1979.

Contribution

  • Chain and Florey discovered the chemical composition and therapeutic action of penicillin.
  • They also discovered how to isolate and concentrate the germ-killing agent in penicillin.

6. Selman Waksman

  • The full name of  Selman Waksman is Selman Abraham Waksman.
  • He was born on July 22, 1888 in Nova Pryluka, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire.
  • He was a Ukrainian-born Jewish-American inventor, biochemist and microbiologist.
  •  In 1952, He received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for “ingenious, systematic and successful studies of the soil microbes that led to the discovery of streptomycin.”
  • He died at the age of 85 on August 16, 1973.

Contribution

  • He discovered  streptomycin and other antibiotics.

7. Max Theiler

  • He was a South African-American virologist and physician. 
  • He was born on 30 January 1899 in Pretoria, South African Republic.
  • He was the first African-born Nobel laureate.
  • He died at the age of 73 on 11 August 1972.
  • In 1951, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contributions.

Contribution

  • Max Theiler developed a vaccine against yellow fever, for this he also received The Nobel Prize in 1951.

Reference

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg
  • MLA style: Charles Nicolle – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Mon. 27 Jul 2020. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1928/nicolle/biographical/>
  • https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/florey/biographical/
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman#Streptomycin
  • https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/chain/biographical/

Contribution of Microbiologist: Selman Waksman, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Charles Nicolle, Gerhard Domagk, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, Max Theiler.

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