What is Diploid?

A diploid cell is an organism with pairs of chromosomes that are the one of each parent.

In all organisms, somatic cells are diploloid, and sexual cells are typically haploid. The cells that are diploid have two homologous copies of two chromosomes inherited through two parental. The majority of mammals are diploid, with the exception of some rats. But, studies that have disproved that there is polyploidy among mammals have been conducted. Polyploidy is a condition where cells possess chromosomes which are more than diploid number of chromosomes. The majority of organisms that reproduce through mitosis have 2n DNA chromosomes, forming diploid cells.

In mitosis, a cell that has 2n chromosomes copies the chromosomes, increasing the number of chromosomes to 4n. Cells then divide into two cells each with 2n chromosomes creating diploid cells. So, mitosis interacts with the chromosome count throughout every cell. Mitosis is the primary type of growth that occurs in every somatic cell. Diploid cells created after mitosis share the same genetic data to the parents. The diploid cells also form when two haploid cells. They are being the result of fertilized eggs. There are chromosomes in the number that is different between different species and does not reveal the degree of extent of the organism’s complexity. A diploid number of chromosomes found in human beings is 46 chromosomes and that of dogs has 72 chromosomes.

Some viruses could also contain 2 copies of the RNA gene within each virus particle, resulting in diploid particles. The viruses with a diploid genomes include T-lymphocytic viruses, Retroviruses and HIV. In the plant kingdom there are plants that have two stages of their life cycle which result in the change of the generation. The diploid stage in the lifecycle is referred to as the sporophytic phase. The stage of sporophytic is the most common stage of plants belonging to the group Pteridophyta which includes plants such as Ferns.

Examples of Diploid cells

Somatic cells

Somatic cells comprise all cells found in the organism’s body, excluding the sex cells, also known as gametes. The majority of cells, excluding those that proliferate in the reproductive system comprise called somatic cells. Somatic cells are diploloids with the two sets of chromosomes. The cells divide via mitosis, forming new cells that have identical chromosomes. From both sets of chromosomes one is passed down from the father , while the other is inherited directly from mother. Some organisms may possess Somatic cells which are either Tetraploid (four sets of the chromosomes) or the hexaploid (six sets of the chromosomes). Somatic cells are generally more susceptible to mutations that occur spontaneously than their counterparts that are haploid. The form and nature of cells in humans depend on the kind of somatic cell as there are approximately 220 varieties of somatic cells that humans have. In terms of the number of chromosomes found in the human somatic cells are 46.

What is Haploid?

A monoploid or haploid organism or cell with only one copy of each one of the chromosomes.

Haploid cells contain only half that number of cells they are found in diploid and somatic cells. Sometimes, however, the term “haploid” can also refer to the amount of chromosomes that are typically present in gametes. If your somatic cells happen to be tetraploid the gametes will possess two sets of DNA but still be referred to as”haploid.. The nucleus of diploid eukaryotes can only considered to be haploid when it only has the one pair of chromosomes. Organisms that have haploid chromosomes can be sometimes referred to as haploid species.

In the majority of eukaryotic organisms the gametes or sex cells are haploid. This includes male sex cells as well as sperm and the female sexual cell called the ovum. The haploid cells develop following meiosis division in sexual reproduction. When meiosis is divided, a diploid cell duplicates its chromosomes and forms 4 groups of chromosomes. Cells then split into four cells that have only one collection of chromosomes. Sometimes eggs that are haploid develop to form an organism with no fertilization, as in male wasps, bees and Ants. They then develop from eggs that are not fertilized.

A haploid phase is crucial to ensure a steady number of chromosomes within diploid organisms. The cells that are haploid then fuse to form diploid cells having 2 sets of chromosomes. In algae, plants and mushrooms, the haploid and diploid stages occur one after another and result in the generational alternation. This stage, haploid or diploid is known as”gametophytic” stage. In the majority of Bryophyta however the gametophytic stage is predominant as in Mosses. The haploid stage of these organisms is present for a longer time.

Examples of Haploid cells

Sex cells/ Gametes

Gametes, also known as sex cells, are cells that reproduce in a variety of species that reproduce via sexual reproduction. They are characterized by having only half the amount of chromosomes in somatic cells which is why they are known as haploid cells. Sex cells develop following meiosis division of proliferating cells that line the reproductive organs, such as tests and the ovaries. Gametes come in two kinds: male gametes as well as female gametes which are male-specific. The male gamete is carrying an paternal array of chromosomes while female gametes carry mother set the chromosomes. These cells are vital because they aid in maintaining the constant amount of chromosomes within the sexually reproduced organisms. There are 23 chromosomes found in the sexual cells of human beings has been estimated at 23.

Difference Between Diploid and Haploid – Diploid vs Haploid

The Basis of Comparison	Diploid	Haploid
Definition	Diploid is a type of cell or organism with paired or with two sets of DNA chromosomes the one of each parent.	A monoploid or haploid organism or cell with only one copy of each one of the chromosomes.
Cell division	These cells form after mitotic division of cells.	They are created following the division of meiotic cells.
The number of Chromosomes	Since they have 2 sets of chromosomes they have twice the number of chromosomes than the haploid cells.	Since they are a single set of chromosomes they have less than half their number of chromosomes in diploid cells.
The type of cell	The condition known as diploid is usually seen in somatic cells from a variety of vertebrates.	Haploidism is seen in gametes or sex cells of vertebrates in a variety of species.
Similarity to the cells that are parent to it.	The diploid cells that are formed following mitosis have genetic similarities to the parent cell.	The meiosis-induced haploid cells do not have the same genetic makeup as their parents due to the fact that they crossed over.
Alternation of generation	The diploid stage of life is known as the sporophytic phase. Diploid stage is less prevalent than the haploid stage during the life cycle of many bryophytes like mosses. Diploids are the most prevalent than the haploid phase in the development of Pteridophyta as an Fungus.	The haploid stage in the lifecycle is referred to as the gametophytic stage. A haploid phase is much more prominent than the diploid stage during the cycle that runs through many bryophytes like mosses. A haploid phase is more dominant than the diploid stage during the development cycle of the majority of Pteridophyta like the Fern.
Eggs of a certain type	Diploid organisms are born by fertilizing eggs.	Haploid organisms are born from fertilized eggs.
Chromosomes number in human beings	Diploid cells are found to have 46 chromosomes when compared to humans.	Haploid cells contain 23 chromosomes in human beings.
Importance	Diploid cells are crucial in the development and growth of organisms.	Haploid cells are crucial for reproduction of sexual flora and genetic diversity.
Organisms	A few diploid species comprise humans, frogs fishes, and the majority of plants.	Some haploids are male ants honeybees, and wasps.