Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
| TOPIC | PROKARYOTIC CELL | EUKARYOTIC CELL |
| Cell Type | Single-cell | Multicellular |
| Cell Size | 0.5-3um | 2-100um |
| Cell Wall | Cell wall present, comprise of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide (polysaccharide). | Usually cell wall absent, if present (plant cells and fungus), comprises of cellulose (polysaccharide). |
| Number of chromosomes | One–but not true chromosome: Plasmids | More than one |
| Ribosome Subunits | 70s | 80s |
| Ribosomes Size | smaller | larger |
| Mitochondria | Absent | Present |
| Shape of DNA | Circular, double-stranded DNA. | Linear, double-stranded DNA. |
| Presence of Nucleus | Well-defined nucleus is absent, rather ‘nucleoid’ is present which is an open region containing DNA. | A well-defined nucleus is present enclosed within nuclear memebrane. |
| Cell Complexity | Simpler | More complex |
| Microtubules | Absent or rare | Present |
| Golgi Apparatus | Absent | Present |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Absent | Present |
| Mode of Reproduction | Asexual | Most commonly sexual |
| Transcription and Translation | Occurs together. | Transcription occurs in nucleus and translation in cytosol. |
| Chloroplast | (Absent) scattered in the cytoplasm. | Present in plants, algae. |
| Lysosomes and Peroxisomes | Absent | Present |
| Genetic Recombination | Partial, undirectional transfers DNA | Meiosis and fusion of gametes |
| Flagella | Submicroscopic in size, composed of only one fiber | Microscopic in size; membrane bound; usually arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singlets |
| Permeability of Nuclear Membrane | not present | Selective |
| Plasma membrane with steroid | Usually no | Yes |
| Vacuoles | Present | Present |
| DNA wrapping on proteins. | Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA. Folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein. | Eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones. |
| Cell Divison | Binary Fission, (conjugation, transformation, transduction) | Mitosis |
| Organelles | Organelles are not membrane bound, if present any. | Organelles are membrane-bound and are specific in function. |
| Replication | Single origin of replication. | Multiple origins of replication. |
| Number of Chromosomes | Only one (not true called as a plasmid). | More than one. |
| Examples | Archaea, Bacteria. | Plants and Animals. |
Reference
- https://www.livescience.com/65922-prokaryotic-vs-eukaryotic-cells.html
- https://www.technologynetworks.com/cell-science/articles/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes-what-are-the-key-differences-336095
- https://biodifferences.com/difference-between-prokaryotic-cells-and-eukaryotic-cells.html?
- https://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_vs_Prokaryotic_Cell
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