What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
- Endocytosis is a cellular process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.
- Exocytosis is a type of process, in which involves the movement of materials from the inside of a cell to the exterior of the cell by the use of energy.
| Topic | Endocytosis | Exocytosis |
| Definition | The process by which cells actively transport substances into a cell by engulfing them in a vesicle is known as Endocytosis. | The Process by which cells actively expel molecules out of the cell into the extracellular fluid is known as Exocytosis. |
| Function | Helps to absorb nutrients for efficient cellular functioning and eliminate pathogens and old or damaged cells. | Facilitates communication between cells, repairs cell membrane, and eliminates toxins and waste products. |
| Mechanism | During endocytosis, an endocytic vesicle is formed surrounding the foreign substance, which is either a solid or a liquid. | During exocytosis, the vesicle containing the waste is fused with the plasma membrane in order to eliminate its contents. |
| Pathway | Occurs over three pathways – phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. | Occurs through three pathways – regulated, constitutive, and fusion of vesicles with lysosomes |
| Vesicles | A vesicle is formed around the foreign substance | Fused with the plasma membrane |
| Vesicles formation | Vesicle is formed from cell membrane. It then gets into the cytoplasm. | Vesicle is formed in the Golgi apparatus. It then fuses with the cell membrane. |
| Type of vesicle formed | Like phagosomes | Secretory Vesicles |
| Size of Cell membrane | It Decreases the size of the cell membrane. | It Increases the size of the cell membrane. |
| Examples | Engulfing bacteria by phagocytes is an example for endocytosis. | Releasing of hormones out of the cell is an example for exocytosis. |
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