1. Animals that are routinely infected with a protozoan or parasite are termed as ___
definitive host
intermediate host
reservoir host
parasitic host
reservoir host
Explanation: An animal (or human) that is routinely infected with a protozoan or parasite which can also infect humans is termed as a reservoir host.
2. For the malaria protozoa, mosquitoes are the definitive host.
True
False
Ans: True
Explanation: For the malaria protozoa, the mosquito is the definitive host, and humans or other vertebrates are the intermediate hosts.
3. Laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica depends on identification in the _
blood
urine
saliva
stool
Ans: d
Explanation: Laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica depends on identification in the stools. Search for the amoeba should be made as soon as possible after the stool is passed to be sure of the presence of living, motile forms.
4. Where are the protozoa present during the acute stage of Chagas’ disease?
blood
spleen
liver
stool
Ans: a
Explanation: T. cruzi is present in the blood during the acute stage of Chagas’ disease. Fatality is due to a meningoencephalitis or myocardial failure.
5. Chagas’ disease is transmitted to humans by ___
tsetse fly
mosquitoes
reduviid bugs
sandflies
Ans: c
Explanation: T.cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease is transmitted to humans by reduviid bugs (Triatoma, Rhodinas, and Panstrongylus), which are intermediate hosts as well as vectors for the parasites.
6. African sleeping sickness is caused by ___
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trichomonas vaginalis
Leishmania tropica
Ans: b
Explanation: African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense.
7. What is the incubation period for kala azar disease?
24 h
1 month
2-4 months
d) 7 days
Ans: c
Explanation: Clinically, kala azar has a variable incubation period, usually 2 to 4 months. Onset may be gradual or sudden, and the source of the disease may be acute or chronic.
8. Leishmania organism are transmitted to humans by __
sandflies
tsetse flies
mosquitoes
bugs
Ans: a
Explanation: Leishmania organism are transmitted to humans by the bites of sandflies (genus Phlebotomus) harbored by dogs and other animals that serve as reservoirs for the parasites.
9. Most commonly Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae causes malaria in humans.
True
False
Ans: b
Explanation: Of the four species of Plasmodium protozoa that cause malaria in humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax are the two that most commonly cause infections.
10. After how many days of infection by mosquitoes do the symptoms for malaria occur?
1-2
3-5
10-16
d) 20-30
Ans: c
Explanation: Symptoms usually occur 10 to 16 days after infection by the mosquitoes.
11. The schizonts enter which body part?
bloodstream
spleen
mouth
liver
Ans: d
Explanation: The sporozoites quickly enter the liver, where they divide and develop into multinucleated forms known as schizonts.
12. How much time does it take for the rupture of infected erythrocytes with P. vivax?
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Ans: b
Explanation: The rupture of infected erythrocytes at the completion of schizogony occurs every 48 h with P. vivax and P. ovale.
13. The disease espundia is caused by which of the following protozoa?
Leishmania brasiliensis
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania tropica
d) Phlebotomus sp
Ans: a
Explanation: Leishmania brasiliensis causes the disease espundia which can then cause the infection for the disease leishmaniasis.
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