Bacterial Smear Preparation
A bacterial smear is a thin layer of bacterial cell/culture which is placed on a clean, grease-free microscopic slide to observe a clear image under a microscope.
Practical Procedure
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Ziehl-Neelsen Staining (ZN Staining) – Principle and Procedure, Result
Ziehl Neelsen stinging method is used to differentiate between the acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria.
Study of Chlamydomonas and Volvox by using Whole mount
Chlamydomonas are single-celled green flagellates while Volvox is a part of colonial phytoflagellate that develops a hollow spheroid with several thousand cells enclosed in its mucilaginous wall.
Study of Rhizopus by using Temporary Mount.
Rhizopus is a multicellular, saprophytic fungi and found on plants. They are parasitic on animals.
Study of Penicillium using Temporary Mount
Penicillium can be found in a freezer that has not been cleaned for a duration of 2 months or longer.
Study of Aspergillus by using Temporary Mount Technique
The Lactophenol Cotton Blue solution stains the chitinous cell wall of the fungal cell, which makes them different from the surrounding environments and can easily distinguishable. LCB is made of three main components such as Phenol, Lactic acid, and Cotton blue.
Temporary Wet Mount (TWM) technique for observation of Living Organisms.
In Mounting technique, the specimen to be observed is held on a microscopic slide by using a coverslip.
Isolation of Microorganism From Air
The microbial content of the outer atmosphere is changing with the season, it contains various pollen, algae, mosses, grains, spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and viruses.
Membrane Filtration Method, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications.
In this article, we will learn about the Membrane filtration methods, definition, applications, advantages, disadvantages. Before heading towards Membrane Filtration, you have to understand what is filtration? Membrane filtration is a method of separating particles or molecules from a liquid or gas stream using a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane acts as a barrier, allowing some … Read more
Plant Tissue Culture Definition, techniques, Media composition, types, application.
Before learning about plant tissue culture, first you have to learn about tissue culture and its importance. So, lets jump to the main article- What is tissue culture? Plant tissue culture Definition Plant tissue culture is a technique that is utilized to sustain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile condition on … Read more
Culture medium Definition, Preparation, Classification
The food supply upon which microorganisms thrive in laboratories is termed as a culture medium or culture media. Culture Medium Definition The nutrient preparation on or in which a culture (microorganism) is grown in the laboratory is known as culture medium or culture media. A culture medium is a solid or liquid preparation utilized to … Read more
BOD Incubator – Definition, Principle, Components, Procedure, Application
What is BOD Incubator? BOD incubator Definition The BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) Incubator is a specialized laboratory instrument designed to provide a controlled temperature environment, typically around 20 degrees centigrade, for microbial and biochemical studies, particularly for assessing the oxygen demand of microorganisms in water samples. BOD incubator Principle Components of BOD Incubator The BOD … Read more
Incubator: Definition, Principle, Components, Types, Operating Procedure, Use.
Incubator definition An incubator is an insulated and enclosed device used in biological laboratories. It creates an optimum environment which is required for the growth of microorganisms by providing optimum temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions such as the CO2 and oxygen content inside’s atmosphere. In laboratories, it is used to grow and maintain microbiological … Read more
Methylene Blue Reduction Test
Methylene Blue Reduction Test also known as mbrt test. It is a qualitative test for milk, it used to check the quality of raw and pasteurized milk. The Methylene Blue Reduction Test is based on the fact that in the presence of oxygen the methylene blue solution forms blue color, and it will lose the … Read more
Oil Immersion technique, objectives, Resolving Power, Used for, Types.
What is Oil Immersion? Oil immersion is a technique, used to increase the resolving power or microscopic resolution of a light microscope. This is done by immersing the objective lens and specimen into a transparent oil containing a high refractive index, as a result, it increases the numerical aperture of the objective lens. The immersion … Read more
Dissecting Microscope (Stereo Microscope) Definition, Uses, Parts, Principle.
Stereo microscopes, in contrast to compound light microscopes, often employ reflected illumination, or light reflected off an object’s surface, rather than transmitted (diascopic) illumination. When a specimen is too thick or opaque for compound microscopy, reflected light from the object enables for investigation. Unlike a compound microscope, transmitted illumination in most stereo microscopes is not … Read more
Confocal Microscope Principle, Uses, Parts, Advantages, and Disadvantages.
Confocal microscopy has various advantages over conventional optical microscopy, including a short depth of field, the elimination of out-of-focus glare, and the ability to collect optical slices serially from thick specimens. A prominent use of confocal microscopy in the biomedical sciences is the imaging of either fixed or live cells and tissues that have typically … Read more
Phase Contrast Microscopy: definition, parts, uses, working principle.
What is phase contrast microscopy? A phase contrast microscopy converts slight differences in refractive index and cell density into easily detected variation in light intensity to observe living cells. This microscope is used for visualization of cell culture and live cells. Living cells can be observed without any staining. Unstained specimens have absorbed no light, … Read more
Scanning Electron Microscope: Definition, Parts, Application, Principle, Advantages
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that generates images by scanning the surface of a specimen with a concentrated beam of electrons. Electrons interact with atoms in the sample, generating signals that carry information about the sample’s surface topography and composition. The electron beam is scanned in a raster scan … Read more
Transmission Electron Microscope: Definition, Parts, Working Principle, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages
What is transmission electron microscope? Parts of A Transmission Electron Microscope 1. Electron Gun Types of Electron Gun Used in Transmission Electron Microscope There are several types of electron guns that are used in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), including: Overall, the type of electron gun used in a TEM depends on the specific requirements and … Read more
