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Nitrate Reduction Test Procedure, Principle, Result

Nitrate Reduction Test Procedure, Principle, Result

What is Nitrate Reduction Test? Nitrate reduction test is used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae based on their ability to produce nitrate reductase enzyme, which hydrolyzes nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–),...

Sourav Bio in Biochemical Test Sep 10 · 6 min read

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in Laboratory Tests

Widal Test Principle, Procedure, Result, Advantages, Limitation

The Widal test is an agglutination test that determines any antibodies present in the patient's serum that are generated against the causal agents of the enteric febrile illness (Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella paratyphi B, A as well as C).

Nov 30 · 5 min read

Widal Test Principle, Procedure, Result, Advantages, Limitation

in Biochemical Test

Tollens’ Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

It is a type of biochemical test which is used to distinguish reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars. This biochemical test is also known as the silver mirror test based on the end product of this test. This test was also used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones through routine qualitative organic analysis.

Sep 14 · 2 min read

Tollens’ Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

in Biochemical Test

Oxidase Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

The oxidase test is a biochemical reaction that assays for the presence of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme sometimes called indophenol oxidase. In the presence of an organism that contains the cytochrome oxidase enzyme, the reduced colorless reagent becomes an oxidized colored product .

Sep 12 · 6 min read

Oxidase Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

in Microbiology Techniques

Coagulase Test Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.

It is a type of biochemical test, which is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. S.aureus produces two forms of coagulase (i.e., bound coagulase and free coagulase).

Aug 19 · 4 min read

Coagulase Test Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.

in Microbiology Techniques

Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis Principle, Procedure, Result.

Counter current immunoelectrophoresis is a modification of immunoelectrophoresis in which antigen and antibody migrate towards opposite directions and form a visible white precipitate in the area between the wells.

Aug 17 · 4 min read

Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis

in Microbiology Techniques

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP) also known as electro-immuno diffusion is a simple, quick and reproducible method for determining the concentration of antigen (Ag) in an unknown sample.

Aug 16 · 3 min read

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

in Protocols

Reverse Blood Grouping Principle, Procedure, Result

Reverse grouping is defined as using the reagent cells with known ABO antigens and testing the patient’s serum for ABO group antibodies.

Jul 3 · 2 min read

Reverse Blood Grouping

in Biochemical Test

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

The gelatin proteins derived from the animal connective tissue, collagen. Gelatin is produced when collagen is boiled in water. A gelatin hydrolysis test is used to detects the presence of gelatinases. Gelatinases are extracellularly secreted by some bacteria which hydrolyze or digest gelatin.

Jun 23 · 8 min read

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

in Biochemical Test

Reverse CAMP test Principle, Procedure, Result

In this method, the Group B Streptococcus (CAMP test positive) is streaked in the center of sheep blood agar, and Clostridium perfringens is streaked perpendicular to it.

Jun 22 · 1 min read

Reverse CAMP test

in Protocols

Northern Blotting Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

Northern blotting or Northern hybridization is a widely used technique in molecular biology to determine the molecular weight of mRNA and to measure relative amounts of mRNA present in different samples and for identifying alternatively spliced transcripts and multigene family members.

May 22 · 8 min read

Northern Blot Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

in Protocols

Western Blot Protocol, Principle, Result.

In molecular biology Western blotting is a rapid and sensitive assay for detection and characterization of proteins. This technique exploits the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interaction to identify specific antigens by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.

May 21 · 7 min read

Western Blot Protocol, Principle, Result

in Protocols

Restriction Digest Protocol, Principle, result

The restriction enzymes cleave the DNA molecule at a specific site or specific nucleotide sequence, is known as recognition sequences or Restriction sites.

May 20 · 5 min read

Restriction Digest Principle, Procedure, result

in Microbiology Techniques

Pour Plate Method Principle, Procedure, Objective, Result, Advantages

The pour Plate Method technique was created in the laboratory by Robert Koch and is still widely used in the laboratory since his time. This technique is appropriate for Microaerophilic, facultative, or anaerobic microorganisms. It is straightforward to use, requires fewer resources, and is simple and cost-effective. However, it requires the specimen to be placed

Apr 16 · 9 min read

Pour Plate Method Principle, Procedure, Objective, Result

in Microbiology Techniques

Spread‌ ‌Plate‌ ‌Method‌: Procedure, Principle, Purpose, Result.

Spread Plate Method in microbiology The spread plate method is used to isolate individual colonies from a diluted sample of mix population. Different methods have been developed for the isolation of microorganisms from a mixture sample but among them Spread plate culture method is the most widely used technique in laboratory. An ideal spread plate

Apr 16 · 3 min read

Spread‌ ‌Plate‌ ‌Method‌: Procedure, Principle, Purpose, Result.

in Staining

Giemsa Stain: Preparation, Procedure, Principle, Composition and Application

The term Giemsa stain originated from a name of German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa. He apply this stain with a combination of reagents to detect the presence of malaria parasites. This stain is used for nucleic acid staining and histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Giemsa Stain is a types of Romanowsky stains

Apr 13 · 4 min read

Giemsa Stain: Staining Procedure, Principle, Result and Application

in Staining

Nuclear Staining by Giemsa stain: Procedure, Principle, Result

Bacterial cells contain nuclear material, made of single-stranded circular DNA, in contrast to eukaryotes. This genetic material is present within the membrane-bounded structure known as the nucleus. In case of prokaryotes the nuclear material is present within the nucleoid which lacks the nuclear membrane and does not follow the mitosis or miosis cell division. Some

Apr 11 · 1 min read

Nuclear Staining by Giemsa stain: Procedure, Principle, Result

in Staining

Cell Membrane Staining Procedure, Principle, Result

The cell membrane is a biological membrane which also termed a plasma membrane (PM) or cytoplasmic membrane. It divides the interior of the cell from the outside environment, thus protects the cell from environmental stress. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer, contains cholesterols between phospholipids which maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane

Apr 11 · 1 min read

BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE STAINING

in Staining

Iron-Hematoxylin Stain Principle, Procedure, Result

Hematoxylin is extracted from a leguminous plant, known as Haematoxylon campechianum, thus it is a natural dye. It forms hematein by oxidation (Ripening).

Apr 7 · 5 min read

Iron-Hematoxylin Staining

in Staining

Parasporal Crystal Stain Principle, Procedure, Result

Production of parasporal crystals is a unique ability (among Bacillus species) of Bacillus thuringiensis. This stain is a means of rapid identification of the species.

Apr 5 · 1 min read

Parasporal Crystal Stain

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