X-Ray Spectroscopy – Principle, Instrumentation, Steps and Applications
The X-rays comprise X-radiation, which is a type of electromagnetic radiation. The most common X-rays are those with a wavelength of 0.01 up to 10 nanometers which corresponds to frequencies in the 30 petahertz range and 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies that are in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV, created by the deceleration and acceleration of electrons with high energy. The term “X-ray spectroscopy” is a generic term used to describe a variety of spectroscopic methods to characterize materials employing the excitation of x-rays.