Cheetahs, the world's fastest mammals, have excellent vision. Cheetah eyesight is multifaceted. Binocular vision is due to their eye placement. Cheetahs can identify 5 km-away prey. Cheetahs have extra structures in their vestibular regions to support prey during the chase. Cheetah tear lines absorb sunrays to prevent blindness. Cheetahs have the finest vision among felines because their retinas have the most photoreceptor cells. As daylight hunters, cheetahs have poor night vision.
Almost everyone has seen a goat. The goats' eyes probably terrified some people. The goat's vision is unusual. They have horizontal, rectangular pupils, unlike most mammals. Goats have rectangle-shaped retinas. Due to their morphology, goats can see 320-340 degrees. Due to tapetum lucidum, goats can see at night. This structure "lights up" the landscape by reflecting eyelight. Goats can move their eyes to see better when grazing and regulate their environment when susceptible. This panoramic vision adaption costs. Goats are colorblind. Only two types of cones in their retinas decode violet, blue, yellow, orange, and green. They misinterpret red. Goats lack depth perception.
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This isn't a cutesy adaptation for its nighttime lifestyle: Tarsiers don't have the tapetum lucidum layer that helps nocturnal animals see at night. Tarsiers have evolved the largest eyes among mammals. If humans had tarsier eyes, they'd be grapefruit-sized. Tarsiers' retinas have 2.5 times more photoreceptors than humans. These characteristics help tarsiers hunt at night.
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Arctic reindeer experience distinct eyesight challenges due to their arctic and subarctic habitats. They reside in reflecting snow-covered places. Near the North Pole, polar nights endure months. Deer must always navigate in semi-darkness. Deer have two adaptations: In winter, their reflective tapetum lucidum changes colour. So, deer have golden summer eyes and blue winter eyes. Winter tapetum lucidum changes make eyes more light sensitive. Reindeer eyes respond to UV light and hues. Many predators with white fur can't be seen in plain light. Deer eyes can detect fur's UV signature. Reindeer have eye protection mechanisms that allow them to view UV radiation rays safely.
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Their vision: Otters have good land and water vision, although it's better in water. Specialized focussing allows otters to see amphibiously. Otters' muscles adapt the cornea's shape to compensate for water and air light. Otters have weak colour vision.
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