Ancylostoma duodenale is commonly known as the Old World hookworm, as it is found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The adult hookworms are small and measure between 7 to 13 mm in length, and they have a hook-like mouthpart that they use to attach to the lining of the small intestine of their host.
Ancylostoma duodenale is transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated soil or water. The larvae of the parasite can penetrate the skin of humans, or they can be ingested.
Hookworm infection can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can lead to malnutrition, stunted growth, and cognitive impairment.
Ancylostoma duodenale is estimated to infect around 500 million people worldwide, primarily those living in poverty and with limited access to proper sanitation and hygiene facilities.
The female hookworm can lay up to 30,000 eggs per day, which are then passed out in the feces of the host.
The eggs of Ancylostoma duodenale can survive in soil for up to several weeks, and they can remain infectious for humans for months.
The larvae of the hookworm can migrate to different parts of the body, including the lungs and throat, causing symptoms such as coughing and wheezing.
Ancylostoma duodenale is typically diagnosed by examining a stool sample for the presence of eggs or larvae.
Hookworm infection can be treated with medication, such as mebendazole or albendazole, and preventive measures, such as wearing shoes, proper sanitation, and regular deworming, can help to reduce the risk of infection.