What is the process of copying DNA called?

What is the process of copying DNA called?

The process of copying DNA is called DNA replication. DNA replication is the process by which cells create copies of their DNA before cell division. It is a crucial process that occurs in all living organisms and is essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

DNA replication is a complex process that involves the synthesis of new DNA strands complementary to the original template strands. It is a semi-conservative process, meaning that each new DNA molecule consists of one original template strand and one newly synthesized strand.

The process of DNA replication begins when an enzyme called helicase unwinds the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. This creates a replication fork, a Y-shaped structure where the two strands of the DNA molecule are separated.

Another enzyme called primase then synthesizes short RNA primers, which serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis. Another enzyme called polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strands using the original template strands as a guide. The new DNA strands are synthesized in a 5′ to 3′ direction, meaning that they are synthesized starting from the 5′ end and proceeding towards the 3′ end.

As the new DNA strands are synthesized, another enzyme called ligase seals any gaps between the nucleotides to create a continuous strand. Finally, an enzyme called topoisomerase helps to relieve the tension that builds up as the DNA strands are replicated and unwound.

Overall, the process of DNA replication involves a series of complex and coordinated steps that are essential for the accurate and faithful replication of the genetic information contained in DNA.