Get Study notes related to practicals of microbiology.
What is Filtration? Filtration is utilised to separate a dispersion based on particle size. The filtered mixture is put to an appropriate porous material filter. Particles smaller than the filter’s pores can pass through and enter the filtrate, while larger particles are retained on the filter’s surface. Filtration is a process that is used to … Read more
What are the components of blood? Blood is a fluid tissue that circulates throughout the body and performs a number of important functions. It is made up of several components, including cells and plasma. Cells: Plasma: Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood that carries the cells and other substances throughout the body. It … Read more
What is PRP Centrifuge? PRP (platelet-rich plasma) centrifuge is a laboratory instrument used to separate and concentrate platelets from a sample of blood. Platelets are small, disc-shaped cells that play a key role in blood clotting and wound healing. PRP has been used in a variety of medical and dental procedures, including cosmetic surgery, hair … Read more
In laboratories, benchtop centrifuges are used to separate and purify molecular mixtures in liquid media depending on their density gradient. Biochemistry laboratories use centrifugation extensively for studying and isolating cells, subcellular fractions, molecular complexes, and biological macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA. Centrifuges are high-speed devices that require vacuum, gravitational acceleration, and centrifugal force … Read more
What is a water distiller? Definition Water distiller A water distiller is a device that purifies water by heating it to produce steam, then cooling and condensing the steam to remove impurities. This process helps remove contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and minerals, resulting in purified and distilled water. Principle of Water Distiller … Read more
What is a Glucose Tolerance Test? A glucose tolerance test is a test that is used to diagnose diabetes or prediabetes. It involves measuring the body’s ability to process glucose, a type of sugar that is the main source of energy for the body. During the test, a person will drink a solution containing a … Read more
When it comes to separating solid/liquid mixes with a high solids content, decanter centrifuges are the way to go. These solid-shell scroll centrifuges or decanters, unlike chamber filter presses, run continuously. The finely distributed solid particles are separated from the suspension by strong centrifugal forces. Decanters are useful in a wide variety of industries throughout … Read more
The most polluted water is found in stagnant bodies of water and wastewater treatment plants. The water and oil are filtered to produce pure water for consumption. This is accomplished using a variety of filters, with centrifugal separators being the most common. These filters are utilised to remove suspended particles and other contaminants from water. … Read more
What is Hematocrit Centrifuge? Working Principle of Hematocrit centrifuge The working principle of a hematocrit centrifuge is based on the use of centrifugal force to separate the different components of a blood sample based on their density. When a sample of blood is placed into a tube and spun in the centrifuge, the red blood … Read more
What is Centrifuge? What is Centrifuge Balancing? Why it is important to balance a centrifuge? – Why is centrifuge balanced? What Happens if a Centrifuge is Unbalanced? How Centrifuge Works? What is Centrifuge Tube? How to balance in different centrifuge? If you are utilising a portable benchtop instrument, you must ensure that the centrifuge is … Read more
What is a Centrifuge tube? A centrifuge tube is a thin, cylindrical tube with a round bottom and a cap, used in a laboratory centrifuge. Centrifuge tubes are made of plastic or glass and are used to separate substances based on their density. When placed in a centrifuge and spun at high speeds, the heavier … Read more
What is Centrifuge? Definition of Centrifuge A centrifuge is a laboratory instrument that uses spinning and centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on their density. Who first invented the Centrifuge? Overall, the centrifuge is an important tool in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications, as it allows for the efficient separation and purification … Read more
Stirring is a technique for obtaining homogenous mixes and (or) intensifying heat and mass exchange in mixers. In accordance with the state of aggregation of matter, liquids and bulk solids are mixed.
What is ELISA? What is ELISA reader? Purpose of an ELISA reader Principle of ELISA Plate Reader The principle of an ELISA reader, also known as a microplate reader, revolves around measuring the energy difference in light before and after it passes through a test sample. This is accomplished using a photoelectric colorimeter or spectrophotometer, … Read more
What is Columbia CNA Agar? Columbia CNA Agar with 5% Sheep Blood Composition of Columbia CNA Agar per Liter of Medium The composition of Columbia CNA Agar can be summarized as follows, considering the information provided: Ingredients: The base of Columbia CNA Agar is prepared using a nutritionally rich medium that includes different peptones to … Read more
DNA Analyzer Principle Parts of DNA Analyzer Operating DNA Analyzer Calibration and correct setup are crucial for using a DNA analyzer effectively. The DNA analyzer’s calibration and initialization process consists of the following steps: Calibrating a DNA Analyzer The DNA analyzer undergoes both spatial and spectral calibration. Setting Up the Instrument Operating Procedure of DNA … Read more
The nucleic acids of many viruses encode surface proteins (such as hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus) that agglutinate red blood cells (RBC) of numerous species. Hemagglutination is the process by which viral hemagglutinins react with red blood cells to form a lattice of agglutinated cells that settle unevenly in a tube or microtiter well. Unagglutinated … Read more
What is Hemagglutination assay? Haemagglutination Test Principle The fundamental principle underlying the hemagglutination test revolves around the interaction between antigens and antibodies present on the surface of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). When these antigens encounter their corresponding complementary antibodies or vice versa, they bind together, resulting in the agglutination or clumping of the RBCs. This … Read more
Such is the case with the slide and tube Widal test. The agglutinins against the ‘0’ (somatic) and ‘H’ (flagellar) antigens of Salmonella typhi, paratyphi A, and paratyphi B are measured qualitatively (slide test) and quantitatively (Tube test) using a suspension of suitable organisms that have been killed. Widal-quantitative tube agglutination test This test aids … Read more
After wastewater treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is used to determine the amount of contamination in the water. The higher value of chemical oxygen demand implies that the water sample has a greater amount of organic pollutants. The COD test measures only substances that can be chemically digested. The determination of COD requires less … Read more
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