Instruments

Biology Tools

57 Notes

Compound Microscope Parts, Diagram Definition, Application, Working Principle

A compound microscope is a class of optical or light microscope. I have already discussed about basics of a microscope on my previous note “Parts of Microscope with their...

MN Editors in Instruments, Microscope Jun 6 · 9 min read

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Affinity chromatography Principle, Types, Steps, Applications

Chromatography is a crucial biophysical method that allows an identification, separation and separation of the constituents of a mixture to enable quantitative and qualitative analysis. Chromatography is an separation method that involves causing a mobile phase that is carrying a mixture is made to move into contact with a stationary phase.

MN Editors

Feb 3 · 9 min read

Affinity Chromatography Definition, Principle, Components, Steps, Applications

MN Editors

Feb 3 · 9 min read

Bioreactor Types, Design, Parts, Applications, Limitations

A bioreactor can be described as a kind of fermenter vessel used to produce diverse biological and chemical reactions. It is a sealed container that is well-arranged to allow aeration, agitation temperature and pH control and an overflow or drain vent to get rid of the waste material of microorganisms that have been grown and their products.

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 25 min read

Bioreactor Definition, Design, Principle, Parts, Types, Applications, Limitations

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 25 min read

Types of Spectroscopy with Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses

It is the science of studying the interactions between light and matter , where the emission and absorption of the light radiations by the material are investigated and assessed. The focus of spectroscopy is the dispersion of light as well as other radiations caused by the object, which allows the examination of the various characteristics that the objects.

Sourav Bio

Feb 2 · 29 min read

Types of Spectroscopy with Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses

Sourav Bio

Feb 2 · 29 min read

Classification of Chromatography

Chromatography is a vital biophysical procedure that permits separate, identification and purification of a mix for both quantitative and qualitative analysis.

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 20 min read

Types of Chromatography - Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 20 min read

Gel Filtration Chromatography Principle, Components, Steps, Types, Application

Biomolecules are isolated using various techniques that allow them to be separated by the difference in their unique characteristics like size, hydrophobicity and biorecognition and charge, for example. Gelfiltration is a process where the separation of the components is determined by the the molecular weight, or in size. It is the most simple and gentle of all chromatography techniques...

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 8 min read

MN Editors

Feb 2 · 8 min read

Gel Permeation Chromatography

Gel permeation chromatography may also be known as gel size exclusion or filtration. For size-exclusion chromatography it is the case that stationary phases are a porous matrices made consisting of substances like cross-linked polystyrene (CLP), polyacrylamide gels, cross-linked dextrans as well as agarose gels. The separation is determined by the molecular sizes of the analytes as the gel acts...

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 9 min read

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 9 min read

Gamma-ray (γ-ray) Spectroscopy

Gamma rays are an extremely high intensity of light produced by radioactive elements, stellar bodies that are energetic, such as neutron stars and black holes and high-energy phenomena like nuclear explosions and supernovae. Gamma-ray (g-ray) spectrum is a fast and nondestructive method of analysis which can be utilized to detect radioactive isotopes within the sample. Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is...

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 5 min read

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 5 min read

Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a process of fermentation utilized by a range of industries such as textile, food, pharmaceuticals and so on. in order to create compounds of microorganisms that use solid supports instead of liquid medium. It's defined as growing microbes that do not have a flowing aqueous phase that is free-flowing.

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 6 min read

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 6 min read

X-Ray Crystallography

Crystallography using X-rays is a highly effective non-destructive method for determining how molecules form the crystal. The X-ray crystallography technique utilizes the principles of X-ray diffraction in order to examine the specimen, however it's conducted in a variety of directions, so it is possible that the 3-D structures of the sample can be constructed. It is a method that...

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 11 min read

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 11 min read

X-Ray Spectroscopy Principle, Instrumentation and Applications

The X-rays comprise X-radiation, which is a type of electromagnetic radiation. The most common X-rays are those with a wavelength of 0.01 up to 10 nanometers which corresponds to frequencies in the 30 petahertz range and 30 exahertz (3x1016 Hz to 3x1019 Hz) and energies that are in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV, created by the...

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 4 min read

X-Ray Spectroscopy Principle, Instrumentation and Applications

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 4 min read

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Principle, Instrumentation, Applications

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) commonly referred to by the name Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR) or Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) is an absorption spectroscopy where radiation with frequencies within the microwave range (0.04 to 25 cm) is absorption by paramagnetic materials to cause changes in the magnetic levels of electrons having unpaired spins.

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 4 min read

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Principle, Instrumentation, Applications

MN Editors

Feb 1 · 4 min read

Tools Used in Microbiology Laboratory

The most commonly used equipment is inoculation needles, transfer loops, inoculation, Bunsen burner, autoclave (or pressure cooker) incubators, hot air oven centrifuge, spectrophotometer magnetic stirrer electric shaker and rotary shaker heating plate, heating mantle distillation plant, UV-lamp carbon dioxide cylinder, water-bath and a single-pan balance that has weights (for general use) chemical balance, fine analytical balance pH meters, Quebec...

MN Editors

Jan 31 · 16 min read

MN Editors

Jan 31 · 16 min read

Common Glassware used in A Microbiology Laboratory

Microbiology laboratories require well-built rooms that are equipped with tools, glassware and equipment. Test tubes, culture tubes, Petri dishes and Erlenmeyer flasks are the most important types of glassware in a microbiological lab.

Sourav Bio

Jan 31 · 4 min read

Common Glassware used in A Microbiology Laboratory

Sourav Bio

Jan 31 · 4 min read

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

The spectroscopy of nuclear magnetic resonance often referred to NMR spectroscopy, also known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a method of spectroscopy to detect local magnetic fields around the nuclei of atomic particles. It is a spectroscopy method that is based on an absorption process of electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency range of from 4 to 900...

MN Editors

Jan 30 · 4 min read

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

MN Editors

Jan 30 · 4 min read

Ion Exchange Chromatography

omatography) is a method that permits the separation of polar molecules and ions in accordance with their affinity to the ion exchangers.

Sourav Bio

Jan 30 · 4 min read

Sourav Bio

Jan 30 · 4 min read

Column Chromatography Procedure, Instruments, Application, Advantages

Chromatography is a vital biophysical process that permits it to separate, identify and separation of the constituents of a mixture to enable the quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation. This is a separation process where a mobile component that is carrying a mixture is made to move when in contact with a stationary phase.

MN Editors

Jan 29 · 5 min read

Column Chromatography Procedure, Instruments, Application, Advantages

MN Editors

Jan 29 · 5 min read

Gas chromatography Definition, principle, working, uses

The gas chromatography process differs from other types of chromatography because it is gas, and the components are separated into vapours. This allows it to distinguish and identify smaller molecular weight compounds inside the gas phase. The sample is either liquid or gas which is then vaporized at the port for injection. The mobile phase in gas chromatography is...

MN Editors

Jan 28 · 7 min read

Gas chromatography Definition, principle, working, uses

MN Editors

Jan 28 · 7 min read

SDS-PAGE – Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl Sulfate) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the methods employed in genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology for the separation of proteins based on the molecular mass of their proteins. Proteins' electrophoretic mobility is dependent on their size. The goal of SDS-PAGE is the separation of proteins based on their dimensions.

Sourav Bio

Jan 28 · 9 min read

SDS-PAGE - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

Sourav Bio

Jan 28 · 9 min read

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

Electrophoresis with agarose or other polyacrylamide gels is an established method to separate the biopolymers, determine their identity and purify them because both of these gels have a porous the natural world. Polyacrylamide gels are chemically cross-linked gels formed by the polymerization of acrylamide with a cross-linking agent, usually N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

Sourav Bio

Jan 27 · 4 min read

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

Sourav Bio

Jan 27 · 4 min read

Get notes about different laboratory isntruments.

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 4)

1. The transfer of genetic material during transformation is proved basing on Griffith’s experiment by a. Avery Macleod &...

Oct 8 · 2 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 3)

1. Electron microscope gives magnification upto a. 100 X b. 2000 X c. 50,000 X d. 2,00,000 X

Oct 8 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 2)

The term mutation was coined by a. Pasteur b. Darwin c. Hugo devries d. Lamark

Oct 7 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on History of Microbiology (Part 1)

Answers a a a b b a b d c b b c b d c d b a...

Oct 5 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Biochemistry MCQ

MCQ on Basic of Biochemistry (Part 1)

Which of the following is required for crystallization and storage of the hormone insulin?

Jun 10 · 34 sec read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on Microbiology Part 2

1. C, 2. D, 3. D, 4. A, 5. C, 6. B, 7. C, 8. C, D, 9. A,...

Apr 19 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQ on Microscope Part 1

1. C, 2. A, 3. D, 4. B, 5. C, 6. D, 7. B, 8. E, 9. D, 10....

Apr 19 · 2 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

Microbiology MCQ With Answer Key (Part 1)

Microbiology MCQ With Answer Key (Part 1) contain important multiple choice questions with answers for different competitive examinations. Answer...

Apr 18 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on Microorganisms

1. The phospholipids present in cytoplasm membrane of the archaeo-bacteria is phosphoglycerides polyisoprenoid polyisoprenoid branched chain lipids none of...

Dec 5 · 1 min read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

MCQs on Medical Microbiology

1. Which of the following is an example of live vaccine? Pertussis Cholera Measles Rubella 2. Triple toxoid vaccine...

Nov 3 · 35 sec read

Sourav Bio in Microbiology MCQ

Microbiology Question Answers On Morphology of Bacterial Cell

give Answers of these following MCQs on Morphology of Bacterial Cell, and test your knowledge.

Oct 26 · 1 min read

Microbiology Question Answers On Morphology of Bacterial Cell

MN Editors in Recommended Books

Top and Best Books for Microbiology

In this article we will discuss about the Top and Best Books for Microbiology. Best Microbiology Textbook for B.Sc...

Jun 3 · 4 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

In this article we will discuss about the Best and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology. 1....

Jun 3 · 3 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

In this article we will discuss about Best and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 1. Gene Cloning...

Jun 3 · 4 min read

Bio Notes in Recommended Books

Best Books for Medical Microbiology and Immunology

In this article we will discuss about top and best books for Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 1. Ananthanarayan and...

Jun 3 · 6 min read

Sourav Bio in Recommended Books

Best Books for Soil and Environmental Microbiology

1. Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications (4th Edition) 4th Edition by Ronald M. Atlas (Author), Richard Bartha (Author) Staying...

May 14 · 5 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

Best Books for Industrial and Food Microbiology

This edition provides various aspects of biotechnology and microbiology written in a simple and lucid style to help the...

Feb 13 · 4 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

Best Books For Microbial Metabolism

Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition) Author: Michael T. Madigan (Author), John M. Martinko (Author), Kelly S. Bender (Author),...

Sep 4 · 4 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

12 Best Books on Bacteriology and Virology

Maintaining an emphasis on the principles of microbiology, this second edition of the text has been expanded to cover...

Jul 6 · 6 min read

Best Book for BHU PET Applied Microbiology

MN Editors in Recommended Books

12 Best books for Introduction and Scope of Microbiology

Tortora, Funke, and Case’s Microbiology, An Introduction brings a 21st-century lens to the #1 best-selling text on the market....

Jul 3 · 7 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

10 Best Books for Instrumentation and Biotechniques

This best-selling undergraduate textbook provides an introduction to key experimental techniques from across the biosciences. It uniquely integrates the...

Jul 2 · 6 min read

Chloroquine solution Preparation and Uses

MN Editors in Recommended Books

12 Best Books for Agriculture and Soil Microbiology

This fifth edition of the classic textbook in plant pathology outlines how to recognize, treat, and prevent plant diseases....

Jul 2 · 6 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

11 Best Books for Inheritance Biology

Principles of Genetics is one of the most popular texts in use for the introductory course. It opens a...

Jul 2 · 5 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

10 Best Books for Biomathematics and Biostatistics

For anyone looking for a readable alternative to the usual unwieldy calculus text, here's a concise, no-nonsense approach to...

Jul 1 · 5 min read

Ziehl Neelsen Stain Principle, Procedure, Result.

MN Editors in Recommended Books

12 Best Books for Plant Pathology

Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition, is the most comprehensive resource and textbook that professionals, faculty and students can consult for...

Jul 1 · 6 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

11 Best books for Advances in Microbiology (Practical)

This collection of diverse articles by the pioneers of modern genomics takes stock of the current state of the...

Jun 30 · 6 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

15 Best Books for Microbial Biotechnology

1. Basic Biotechnology Author: by Colin Ratledge (Editor), Bjorn Kristiansen (Editor) Biotechnology is one of the major technologies of...

Jun 30 · 7 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

15 Best Books for Bioinformatics

A First Course In Computers 2003 Edition (With Cd). Foundations of Computing (English, Paperback, Sinhs Pradeep K.)

Jun 12 · 8 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

Best Book for BHU PET Applied Microbiology

If you are searching for best Books for BHU PET Applied Microbiology, than here is the list; 1. Prescott’s...

Apr 21 · 7 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

Best books for CSIR NET Life Science

Hey, if you are searching for best books to prepare for csir net life sciences, then here it is....

Apr 21 · 7 min read

MN Editors in Recommended Books

15 Best Books For Microbiology Practical

1. A Handbook of Practical Microbiology Author: R. Saravanan (Author), D. Dhachinamoorthi (Author), CH. MM. Prasada Rao (Author) The...

Apr 13 · 8 min read

15 Best Books For Microbiology Practical

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Top and Best Books for Microbiology

4 min read

Best and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

3 min read

Best and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

4 min read

Best Books for Medical Microbiology and Immunology

6 min read

Best Books for Soil and Environmental Microbiology

5 min read

Pos.	Name	Score	Duration	Points
1	Shree0405	56.67 %	1 minutes 42 seconds	28.33
2	Utkarsh Viswas	53.5 %	1 minutes 28 seconds	23
3	Edmund_Addison	50 %	1 minutes 14 seconds	3
4	SALAMBO12	45 %	1 minutes 25 seconds	22.5
5	Kuli Rebecca	30 %	1 minutes 18 seconds	15
6	Sourav	30 %	1 minutes 36 seconds	15
7	Sourav Bio	22.33 %	4 seconds	1.33