What is Protein? Classification of protein On the Basis of Structure 1. Fibrous protein Fibrous proteins are a distinct category of proteins characterized by their elongated or fiber-like structure. These proteins are primarily found in animals and play specific roles in structural support. Therefore, understanding their nature, structure, and function is essential for a comprehensive … Read more
What is Protein Synthesis? Protein synthesis is a fundamental biological process that occurs within cells, responsible for the formation of proteins through the assembly of amino acid chains, termed polypeptides. This process is pivotal to the central dogma of genetics and is instrumental in maintaining cellular function and structure. The process of protein synthesis can … Read more
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.
The concept of using fluorescence to study biological materials dates back to the late 19th century, but the first practical fluorescence microscope was not developed until the 1930s. In 1938, Robert Goldstein and Richard Manly, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, published a paper describing the use of fluorescence to study cells and tissues … Read more
What is Karyotyping? Definition of Karyotyping Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to visualize and analyze the number, size, and shape of chromosomes in an individual’s cells, aiding in the detection of genetic abnormalities and chromosomal disorders. What is Idiogram? An idiogram is a diagrammatic representation of a karyotype, which showcases all the morphological features … Read more
Genus Salmonella Salmonella, a genus of bacteria, belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. These are rod-shaped, gram-negative bacilli known for their significant role in various diseases affecting both humans and animals. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and functions of Salmonella is crucial in the field of microbiology and medicine. The genus Salmonella is characterized by its enterobacterial properties. … Read more
What is Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)? Definition of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the metabolism of glucose and amino acids in the body. It plays a critical role in energy production and is vital for the proper function of the nervous system. Thiamine is naturally found … Read more
What is Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)? Definition of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble essential nutrient found in various foods, primarily in citrus fruits. It plays a crucial role in tissue repair, collagen synthesis, and acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. Humans must obtain it … Read more
What is cDNA cloning? Definition of Complementary DNA or cDNA Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a form of DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. It represents the coding sequence of genes and is commonly used in gene cloning and expression studies. cDNA Cloning Definition cDNA cloning … Read more
What is Vitamin K? Definition of Vitamin K Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood coagulation and bone health. It is naturally found in green leafy vegetables, certain animal foods, and is also produced by gut bacteria. Properties of vitamin K Different forms of vitamin K Vitamin … Read more
What is Vitamin E? Definition of Vitamin E Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant essential for human health that protects cell membranes from damage by reactive oxygen species and plays a role in immune function, skin health, and vision. It encompasses a group of eight compounds, including four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Chemical structures of … Read more
What is Vitamin D? Definition of Vitamin D Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, promoting bone health and regulating various other biological functions. It can be naturally obtained from sunlight exposure, certain foods, and supplements. Once ingested or synthesized in the skin, it undergoes … Read more
The retinoids, a group of molecules related to the dietary retinol (vitamin A) , are essential for vision and reproduction, growth and the maintenance of epithelial tissue. They also play an essential part in the immune system. Retinoic acid, which is derived by oxidation of retinol plays a major role in the action of the … Read more
What are Vitamins? Definition of Vitamins Vitamins are organic molecules essential in small amounts for an organism’s proper metabolic function, which are typically obtained through the diet as they cannot be synthesized by the organism in sufficient quantities. History and nomenclature of Vitamins The history and nomenclature of vitamins have their roots in the early … Read more
What is Lock and Key Model? The Lock and Key Model Concept The “Lock and Key Model” is a fundamental concept in enzymology, introduced by Emil Fischer in 1899. This model provides an analogy to explain the specificity exhibited by enzymes during their interactions with substrates. In this analogy, the enzyme is likened to a … Read more
What is Induced Fit Model? Evidences Supporting Induced Fit Model The Induced Fit Model has garnered significant attention in the realm of biochemistry, and various pieces of evidence support its validity. This model posits that proteins, including enzymes, are not static or rigid structures. Instead, they exhibit dynamic properties, allowing them to adapt and change … Read more
the presence of an infinite amount of substrate and is therefore impossible to determine Km and Vmax from a hyperbolic graph. Due to this issue the equation of Michaelis-Menten was converted into an equation of straight lines using Lineweaver along with Burk.
What is Michaelis–Menten model? The Michaelis–Menten model is a fundamental concept in biochemistry, specifically in the realm of enzyme kinetics. Enzymes, which are proteins, play a pivotal role as catalysts in biochemical reactions. Their primary function is to reduce the Gibbs free energy of activation, ΔG, thereby facilitating the reaction to reach its transition state … Read more
What is Enzyme Inhibition? Types of Enzyme Inhibition There are present three types of Enzyme Inhibition such as; 1. Reversible Inhibition Reversible inhibition refers to the temporary cessation of enzyme activity due to the binding of a reversible inhibitor. This binding is not permanent, and the enzyme can regain its activity once the inhibitor is … Read more
What are Enzymes? Definition of Enzymes Enzymes are protein molecules that act as biological catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process. Characteristics Features of Enzymes Enzymes are biological molecules with distinct characteristics and features that enable them to play crucial roles in various biochemical processes. Here are the key … Read more
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