Immunology Practical

Immunology is the study of the immune system and its role in protecting the body from infection and disease. There are many different types of practicals that can be performed in the field of immunology, including:

  • Antigen-antibody reactions: Practicals that involve the analysis of the interactions between antigens (substances that stimulate an immune response) and antibodies (proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or remove antigens). These practicals may involve techniques such as agglutination tests (which involve the clumping of particles in the presence of specific antibodies) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (which involve the detection of specific antibodies in a sample).
  • Cell culture: Practicals that involve the cultivation of immune cells in the laboratory, such as T cells and B cells. These practicals may involve techniques such as tissue culture (which involves the growth of cells on a flat surface) or suspension culture (which involves the growth of cells in liquid media).
  • Flow cytometry: Practicals that involve the analysis of immune cells using a flow cytometer, a machine that uses lasers to analyze cells based on their physical and chemical characteristics. Flow cytometry can be used to identify and quantify immune cells and to study their functions.
  • Immunohistochemistry: Practicals that involve the analysis of immune cells in tissue sections using specific antibodies and fluorescent dyes. Immunohistochemistry can be used to study the distribution and function of immune cells in tissues.

Overall, immunology practicals involve the use of a variety of techniques to study the immune system and its role in protecting the body from infection and disease. These practicals are an important tool for understanding the immune system and its functions.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Test
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Immunology Practical

Hemagglutination Inhibition Test

The nucleic acids of many viruses encode surface proteins (such as hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus) that agglutinate red blood

Precipitin Ring Test Principle, Procedure, Result
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Immunology Practical

Ring Precipitation Test Principle, Procedure, Result

To determine the presence or absence of antigens or antibodies in a patient, many tests have been developed that use the interaction of antibodies and antigens. These tests require specificity and sensitivity. Specificity refers to the property of only binding to one antigen. Sensitivity means that the antibody can recognize and bind the antigen.

Ouchterlony Double Immunodiffusion Method
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Immunology Practical

Ouchterlony Double Immunodiffusion Method

The main reaction of immune system and immunology is the interaction between antibody and antigens. This is the reason to

Radial Immunodiffusion Principle, Procedure, Result
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Immunology Practical

Radial Immunodiffusion Principle, Procedure, Result

Single Radial Immunodiffusion also referred to as Mancini technique is a quantitative immunodiffusion technique that is used to measure the antigen's concentration by measuring the size of the precipitin-based ring created by the interaction between the antigen with the antibody at the optimal concentration. The antibody is embedded in the agarose gel, while the antigen is diffused into it in the form of a radiatal pattern.