Practical Procedure – Page 19 Of 25

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New York City Agar Composition, Preparation, Result, Uses

Last Updated on July 11, 2023 by MN Editors

NYC Agar Base medium was initially created by Fauer, Weisburd and Wilson at the New York City Department of Health to isolate the pathogenic Neisseria strains from human samples. NYC medium, designed primarily to isolate pathogenic Neisseria is also able to support the growth of mycoplasmas with large colonies or mycoplasmas T (Ureaplasma). It is a translucent medium, highly selective, allowing direct microscopic observations and presumed identification of mycoplasmas and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Starch Casein Agar (SCA) Composition, Principle, Preparation

Last Updated on July 13, 2023 by MN Editors

Starch casein agar can be described as an nutrient-rich medium that is used for the cultivation and growth of the saccharolytic marine bacteria.

Alkaline Phosphatase Test of Milk- Determination of Phosphatase Activity of Milk

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is naturally found within all the raw milks that is utilized to determine the quality of pasteurization of milk. A complete pasteurization process can deactivate the enzyme below levels that can be detected by traditional methods. Because the stability of the heat of ALP is higher than the stability of pathogens that could be found in milk, it serves as a metric of security. However, failure for detection of ALP activity is not a mean an item is safe from pathogens.

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Last Updated on July 13, 2023 by MN Editors

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is utilized as a differential and selective medium to isolate and detect Staphylococcus aureus in clinical and non-clinical samples. It is recommended for identification and enumeration of coagulase positive Staphylococci that are present in milk, food as well as other specimens. MSA also promotes an increase in the number of particular group of specific bacteria, while limiting the growth of other bacteria.

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar Composition, Preparation, Principle, Uses

Last Updated on July 29, 2023 by MN Editors

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD) is a selective medium that allows for the isolation and growth of Salmonella and Shigella species using clinical samples or food. Taylor developed XLD Agar to aid in the differentiation, isolation and identification of enteric disease agents and support the growth more specialized enteric organisms. XLD Agar is a well-proven medium that allows the growth of Shigella species. It is also an excellent medium to isolate Salmonella species. It has a pH value of 7.4, giving it a bright pink to red color due to the indicator phenol.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Principle, Methods

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) can be described as a commonly used test used to detect non-specific signs of inflammation result of infection cancers, or certain autoimmune disorders. It is defined as the rate that Red Blood Cells (RBCs) accumulate over an hour.

Types of Blood Collection Tubes and Their uses

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Evacuated Tubes that are used for blood collection for different laboratory tests are made up of tubes in variable sizes, and color-coded tops to indicate tube contents. The majority of blood collection tubes contain an ingredient that either speeds up the blood’s clotting (clot activator) or stops blood from becoming clot-free (anticoagulant). The following list lists the most frequently utilized blood collection tubes, along with their additives, and their uses in lab:

Papanicolaou Staining (Pap stain) – Principle, Procedure, Results, Applications

Last Updated on February 8, 2023 by MN Editors

Papanicolaou stain can also be referred to as the pap stain, and the process that causes the stain is referred to as a pap smear.

Widal Test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Advantages, Limitation

Last Updated on July 1, 2023 by MN Editors

The Widal test is an agglutination test that determines any antibodies present in the patient’s serum that are generated against the causal agents of the enteric febrile illness (Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella paratyphi B, A as well as C).

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Last Updated on June 30, 2023 by MN Editors

High performance liquid chromatography, also more commonly referred to in the industry as HPLC. It can be described as an analytical process employed to separate, identify or quantify the elements within a mixture.

Preparation of Crystal Violet for the Gram Stain

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

This is the recipe for the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain and other staining procedures.

Nagler Reaction – Lecithinase Test

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Nagler’s Reaction or Lecithinase test is a test in biochemistry used to detect organisms that produce the phospholipases (lecithinases) e.g. Clostridium perfringens. Its alpha (a) toxin from C. perfringens exhibits the phospholipase enzyme activity, which aids in the distinction between C. perfringens and the other Clostridium species that generate the enzyme lecithinase (C.baratti, C.absonum, C.bifermantans, C.sordelli, and C.novyi) through neutralization of lecithin C activity with an antitoxin.

Moist Heat Sterilization Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Of all the options to sterilize (killing or eliminating all microorganisms, which includes the spores of bacterial growth) moist heat that is saturated steam with pressure has been the most frequently utilized and most reliable method. Moisture has more penetrating power than dry heat, and at a certain temperature, causes a greater reduction in the quantity of live microorganisms. Steam sterilization is safe cheap, low-cost, quickly microbicidal, as well as sporicidal. It quickly heats and penetrates into fabrics.

Albert Stain Principle, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on February 7, 2023 by MN Editors

Different stains have been developed over time to distinguish bacteria species, separating them morphologically and the specific characteristics they possess. The most popular stain is Gram staining, acid-fast staining, and endospore staining. Each stain aims at identifying and defining bacteria according to their forms and morphologies.

Types of Stains used in Microbiology

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Different stains react or concentrate on different areas of a tissue or cell These properties can be utilized to highlight certain areas or regions. A few of the most well-known biological staining methods can be found below. If not otherwise indicated All of these dyes can be used on tissues and cells that are fixed as well as essential dyes (suitable for use in live organisms) are indicated.

Types of Staining Techniques

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

Staining is a method used to boost the contrast of samples, usually at the microscopic scale.

Hanging Drop Method (Motility test) Principle, and Procedure, Result, Uses

Last Updated on January 17, 2023 by MN Editors

Hanging Drop Method Principle, Procedure, Result

Hanging drop technique allows for the analysis of living microorganisms. This involves fixing the Microbial suspension into a drop of liquid over the slide of glass.

Chocolate Agar Media – Principle, Composition, Preparation, Result

Last Updated on July 10, 2023 by MN Editors

Chocolate Agar (CAP or CHOC) is a nonselective enhanced medium that is used to identify and isolate of pathogens that are fastidious.

McIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar Principle, Procedure

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

McIntosh and Fildes’s anaerobic jar is a tool utilized in microbiology laboratories, to generate anaerobic circumstances (anaerobiosis) to cultivate obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium spp. Anaerobiosis derived from McIntosh and Fildes anaerobic jar is among the most effective and most frequently employed methods for anaerobiosis however it requires expensive special equipment and a vacuum pump. Gas supply availability is another drawback to this technique. It is currently being replaced with an easier GasPak system.

GasPak Anaerobic System Principle, Application

Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by MN Editors

GasPak anaerobic system is utilized to create an oxygen-free atmosphere to encourage the growth of microorganisms that live in anaerobic environments. In the present, it is the most frequently utilized method for anaerobiosis. It is easy to do and works well for laboratories with a smaller amount of samples.

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