Practical Procedure – Page 13 Of 25

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o-Nitrophenyl-b-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test Principle, Procedure

Published on September 4, 2022 by MN Editors

o-Nitrophenyl-b-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test Overview In order for bacteria to ferment lactose, two enzymes, permease and beta-galactosidase, must be present. Lactose is transported into the bacterial cell wall by permease and subsequently hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase into glucose and galactose. bacteria are able to digest glucose and galactose. Some organisms, however, appear to be late or non-fermenters … Read more

Pyruvate Broth Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, Result

Published on September 4, 2022 by MN Editors

The capability of an organism to utilise the substrate pyruvate can be tested with Pyruvate Broth. Those organisms that can metabolise pyruvate can be distinguished from those that can’t thanks to the presence of the test substrate pruvate. The ability to distinguish between Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium relies on this trait. The broth made … Read more

Salt Tolerance Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, Result

Published on September 4, 2022 by MN Editors

The ability to develop in the presence of varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) has been used to distinguish between various bacteria.

Sulfur Reduction Test – Principle, Purpose, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on October 6, 2023 by MN Editors

What is Sulfur Reduction Test? Definition of Sulfur Reduction Test The Sulfur Reduction Test is a biochemical assay used to determine the ability of microorganisms to metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, resulting in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. This test aids in differentiating and identifying bacterial species based on their sulfur-reducing capabilities. Objective of Sulfur … Read more

X and V factor Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, Result

Published on September 3, 2022 by MN Editors

Some bacteria make substances that other bacteria need to grow. The X factor and the V factor are two such substances. The heat-stable X-factor can be protoporphyrin IX, hemin, or other iron-containing porphyrins. It can be found in red blood cells and outside of them in the blood. The heat-sensitive V-factor may be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and it is mostly found inside red blood cells. The X and V factor test or a disc test can be used to find out if a bacterium depends on its X factor or its V factor. The results can help identify the bacteria.

SSC (Northern Blot, 20x) and SSPE (Blot, 20x, pH 7.4) Preparation and Recipe

Published on September 2, 2022 by MN Editors

SSPE (Blot, 20x, pH 7.4) Preparation and Recipe Required components Component Amount Concentration Sodium chloride (mw: 58.44 g/mol) 175.3 g 3 M Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate (mw: 137.99 g/mol) 27.6 g 0.2 M EDTA (mw: 292.24 g/mol) 7.4 g 0.02 M SSPE (Blot, 20x, pH 7.4) Preparation Prepare 800 mL of distilled water in a suitable container. Add 175.3 g of Sodium chloride to the solution. Add 27.6 g of Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate to the solution. Add 7.4 g of EDTA to the solution. Add distilled water until the volume is 1 L. … Read more

Biochemical Test of Salmonella Typhi

Published on September 1, 2022 by Sourav Bio

About Salmonella Typhi Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) causes typhoid fever in humans. Typhoid fever is a systemic illness that causes fever. It is spread through faeces and food or water, mostly in the developing world. At least 16–20 million people get typhoid fever each year around the world, and about 600,000 … Read more

Bacitracin Susceptibility Test Principle, Procedure, Result

Published on August 28, 2022 by Sourav Bio

The Bacitracin susceptibility test is one of the antimicrobial disc tests used to distinguish between group A and other -hemolytic Streptococci.

Optochin Susceptibility Test: Principle, Objective, Procedure And Results

Last Updated on August 28, 2022 by Sourav Bio

Streptococcus pneumoniae can be distinguished from other viridans streptococci by showing that it is sensitive to optochin, dissolves in bile, reacts with a specific DNA probe, or has species-specific capsular polysaccharides.

SXT Test – Principle, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on September 1, 2022 by Sourav Bio

The SXT (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) susceptibility test tells the difference between group A and B streptococci and other hemolytic streptococci.

Lactobacillus MRS Broth Test Principle, Procedure, and Results

Last Updated on September 1, 2022 by Sourav Bio

The MRS formulation was made by de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe to replace a variable product (tomato juice) and give lactobacilli in general a good place to grow.

Lysine decarboxylase test – Principle, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on August 8, 2022 by MN Editors

Lysine decarboxylase test relies on the capability of certain bacteria to degrade L-lysine into caverine after the release of carbon dioxide.

Decarboxylase Test Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Last Updated on January 12, 2023 by MN Editors

Decarboxylase Test Medium base is used to distinguish bacteria based on their ability to decarboxylate amino acids.

Decarboxylase Broth Protocol

Last Updated on August 12, 2022 by MN Editors

Moeller introduced the decarboxylase media to detect the ability of bacteria to decarboxylate amino acid. They were used for the first time to detect lysine, ornithine, and arginine decarboxylases among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.

Starch Hydrolysis Test – Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Last Updated on January 12, 2023 by MN Editors

Starch is a polysaccharide complex that is abundant in plants and typically found in the form of massive granules that are found in the cell’s cytoplasm. Starch is a carbohydrate used to store energy in plants. It’s made up of two elements Amylopectin and Amylose. composed of alpha-D-glucose that is repeated and joined to glycosidic … Read more

Isolation of Microorganisms from Soil

Published on July 23, 2022 by Sourav Bio

Soil contain different types of microorganisms which are listed below; Bacteria: Bacteria is the key soil workforce. They are the last stage in the process of breaking down nutrients before releasing them into the root zone of the plant. In fact, they are the final stage of breaking down nutrients. Food and Agriculture Organization once … Read more

Ring Precipitation Test Principle, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on July 5, 2023 by MN Editors

Precipitin Ring Test Principle, Procedure, Result

To determine the presence or absence of antigens or antibodies in a patient, many tests have been developed that use the interaction of antibodies and antigens. These tests require specificity and sensitivity. Specificity refers to the property of only binding to one antigen. Sensitivity means that the antibody can recognize and bind the antigen.

Hopkins Cole test (Adamkiewicz–Hopkins) Principle, Procedure, Result

Last Updated on January 12, 2023 by MN Editors

Hopkin’s Cole/Adamkiewicz–Hopkins Test Definition Hopkins Cole Test also referred to as glyoxylic Acid Reaction is among the qualitative testing methods for determining the differences between different types of amino acids and proteins. The test is used to determine the presence of tryptophan, an amino acid, in proteins. It was first described in the work of … Read more

Ninhydrin Test Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Last Updated on January 12, 2023 by MN Editors

What is the Ninhydrin Test? The ninhydrin chemical test is used for determining whether an analyte contains any amines or amino acids. In this test, ninhydrin (a chemical compound with the formula C9H6O4; IUPAC name: 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione) is added to a test solution of the analyte. The formation of a deep blue color within the test … Read more

Total White Blood Cell (WBC) Count – Total Leucocyte Count (TLC)

Published on July 2, 2022 by MN Editors

The White Blood Cells (WBCs) also known as Leucocytes are round nucleated cells in blood, that provide protection against foreign invaders. There are many types of White Blood cells found in blood, and identified as Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils & Basophils) and Agranulocytes (Monocytes and Lymphocytes). The size of White Blood Cells can vary between 10 … Read more

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