Practical Procedure – Page 7 Of 25

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NMR Spectroscopy – Definition, Principle, Steps, Parts, Uses

Published on June 26, 2023 by MN Editors

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

The spectroscopy of nuclear magnetic resonance often referred to NMR spectroscopy, also known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a method of spectroscopy to detect local magnetic fields around the nuclei of atomic particles. It is a spectroscopy method that is based on an absorption process of electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency range of from 4 to 900 MHz nuclei in atoms. In the last 50 decades, NMR has become the leading method to determine what the organic structure is. Out of all the methods for spectroscopy it is the sole one in that a full examination and understanding of the whole spectrum is typically required.

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy) – Principle, Instrumentation, Application

Published on June 26, 2023 by MN Editors

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Principle, Instrumentation, Application

Infrared (IR) mibroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy is a method of analysis that takes advantage of the vibrational transitions of a molecule. It is among the most widely employed spectroscopic techniques utilized by organic and inorganic chemical scientists due to its effectiveness in determining the structure of molecules and in identifying them.

Spectrophotometer – Principle, Parts, Types, Mechanism, Uses

Last Updated on October 2, 2023 by MN Editors

Spectrophotometer Principle, Uses, Components.

A spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument that is used to measures electromagnetic energy at specific wavelengths of light.

Column Chromatography – Procedure, Instruments, Application, Advantages

Published on June 26, 2023 by MN Editors

Chromatography is a vital biophysical process that permits it to separate, identify and separation of the constituents of a mixture to enable the quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation. This is a separation process where a mobile component that is carrying a mixture is made to move when in contact with a stationary phase.

Micropipettes – Parts, Types, Applications, Techniques

Published on June 25, 2023 by MN Editors

Micropipettes Components, Types, Applications, Techniques

Micropipette is a standard but essential instrument in the laboratory utilized to precisely and accurately transfer volumes of liquid within small microliter volume. Micropipettes are offered in single and multi channel versions. The single channel micropipettes are utilized in laboratories which conduct research in microbiology, molecular biology, cell culture, immunology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and genetics, multichannel micropipettes are ideal to be used for ELISA (diagnostic testing) as well as molecular screening study of kinetics and DNA amplification.

Electroporator – Definition, Principle, Types, Protocol, Applications

Last Updated on June 30, 2023 by Sourav Bio

What is Electroporator (Electroporation machine)? What is Electroporation? Definition of Electroporator (Electroporation machine) An electroporator is a scientific instrument or device used in molecular biology and genetic engineering to facilitate the process of electroporation. Electroporation involves the application of electric pulses to cells in order to create temporary pores in their cell membranes, allowing the … Read more

In Vitro Fertilization – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Applications

Last Updated on January 31, 2024 by Sourav Bio

What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)? Why IVF is done? IVF is performed for various reasons related to infertility and certain health conditions. Here are some common reasons why IVF may be done: Additionally, for individuals who do not have a functional uterus or face significant health risks during pregnancy, IVF with a gestational carrier … Read more

Amniocentesis (Amniotic Fluid Test) – Principle, Procedure, Result

Published on June 19, 2023 by Sourav Bio

What is Amniocentesis? (Amniotic Fluid Test) Sample for Amniotic fluid Examination (Amniocentesis) The purpose of the test Amniocentesis, the examination of amniotic fluid, serves various purposes in prenatal diagnosis and assessment. The test provides valuable information about the fetus, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding the health and well-being of both the mother … Read more

PCR Machine – Definition, Principle, Parts, Types Steps, Applications, Examples

Published on June 9, 2023 by Sourav Bio

What is PCR Machine? Principle of PCR The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is based on a set of principles that enable the amplification of specific DNA sequences. The key components involved in PCR are the template DNA, DNA primers, DNA polymerase enzyme, and deoxynucleotide substrates. The principle of PCR begins with the selection of a … Read more

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Definition, Steps, Principle, Application

Published on June 9, 2023 by MN Editors

Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is a laboratory technique that is used to make multiple copies (millions or billions!) of a specific region of DNA in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism).

Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) – Definition, Types, Steps, Applications

Published on June 9, 2023 by MN Editors

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a method used to aid in the separation of huge deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) molecules using the gel matrix an electric field that continuously shifts direction. Because DNA greater than 15-20kb moving through a gel is able to move in a size-independent manner. The conventional gel electrophoresis method was not able to separate massive DNA molecules effectively that led to the use of electrophoresis using pulsed fields.

Eastern blot – Protocol, Principle, Application

Published on June 6, 2023 by MN Editors

A Molecular Biology Technique is used for the identification of Post Translation Modification mostly carbohydrate Epitopes by transferring onto a membrane and analyzed using a probe.

Southern Blotting Definition, Principle, Steps, Importance

Published on June 5, 2023 by MN Editors

Southern Blotting Principle, Procedure, Importance

Southern Blotting is a molecular biology technique used for the identification of a specific DNA sequence in a collected DNA sample.

Western Blot Protocol, Principle, Result.

Published on June 5, 2023 by MN Editors

In molecular biology Western blotting is a rapid and sensitive assay for detection and characterization of proteins. This technique exploits the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interaction to identify specific antigens by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.

Beta (β) Lactamase Test Principle, Procedure, Results

Published on June 1, 2023 by MN Editors

Many bacteria produce a group of enzymes known as beta-lactamases that are mediated through genes in plasmids or the chromosomes. Beta-lactamase can be a constant process or it may be triggered through contact with antimicrobials. Beta-lactamases hydrolyze (and consequently inhibit) the beta-lactam ring of many Cephalosporins as well as penicillins. Beta-Lactamase Test is a rapid test to determine the presence of beta-lactamase , an enzyme that is produced by the strains from Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Branhamella catarrhalis as well as Haemophilus influenzae.

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Definition, Principle, Procedure, Applications

Last Updated on June 1, 2023 by MN Editors

Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) is an approach that is used to distinguish DNA from RNA based on their molecular sizes.
The separation of RNA and DNA molecules is accomplished when nucleic acids that are negatively charged travel through an agarose structure under an influence of an electrical fields (electrophoresis).

Northern Blotting Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

Published on May 29, 2023 by MN Editors

Northern Blot Protocol, Principle, Application, Result

Northern blotting or Northern hybridization is a widely used technique in molecular biology to determine the molecular weight of mRNA and to measure relative amounts of mRNA present in different samples and for identifying alternatively spliced transcripts and multigene family members.

Compound Microscope Principle, Parts, Diagram Definition, Application

Published on May 9, 2023 by MN Editors

A compound microscope is a class of optical or light microscope. I have already discussed about basics of a microscope on my previous note “Parts of Microscope with their Functions and Working Principle”, you can check them to get an idea about from which class compound microscope belongs and what is a microscope, and more. … Read more

Giemsa Stain: Preparation, Procedure, Principle, Composition and Application

Published on May 5, 2023 by MN Editors

Giemsa Stain: Staining Procedure, Principle, Result and Application

The term Giemsa stain originated from a name of German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa. He apply this stain with a combination of reagents to detect the presence of malaria parasites. This stain is used for nucleic acid staining and histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Giemsa Stain is a types of Romanowsky stains … Read more

Thick and Thin Blood Smear for Malaria Diagnosis

Published on May 5, 2023 by Sourav Bio

A blood film or Peripheral blood smear (PBS) must be prepared from capillary blood or a drop of blood from an EDTA (anticoagulant) blood sample. Blood examination under the microscope requires blood smears. The Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) is typically determined by blood smears. The DLC entails counting 100 white blood cells (WBCs) and noting … Read more

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