All Microbiology Notes A-Z FIND A TOPIC BY ITS FIRST LETTER: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AAtomic Absorption SpectrophotometerA Worm Under a MicroscopeAbiotic Factors - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesAcetamide utilization Test Principle, Procedure, resultAcetate Utilization Test Principle, Procedure, ResultsAcetic Acid ProductionAcid Fast Stain - Principle, Reagents, Procedure, ResultAcridine Orange StainingActive Immunity - Definition, Characteristics, Types, ExamplesActive Immunization - Definition, Mechanism, Advantages, Disadvantages, ExamplesActive Site For Enzymes - Definition, Features, Mechanism, ExampleActive Transport - Definition, Types, Process, Functions, ExamplesAdaptive (Acquired) ImmunityAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) Structure, Synthesis, FunctionsAfferent vs Efferent Neuron - Differences between Afferent and Efferent NeuronAffinity chromatography Principle, Types, Steps, ApplicationsAgarose Gel Electrophoresis Definition, Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsAgeing - Definition, Theories, and modelsAgglutination Reaction - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ApplicationsAgglutination test definition, Types, Uses, Advantages, DisadvantagesAgnatha - Characteristics, Classification, Morphology, ReproductionAgrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer - Mechanism, Applications, AdvantagesAgrochemical - Definition, Types, Mechanism, MeasurementAir Displacement Pipetting - Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsAir microbiology and Dispersal of Microbes Albert Stain Principle, Procedure, ResultAlcohol Burner - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesAlcohol Fermentation in LaboratoryAlgae Bioreactor - Definition, Types, Feature, UsesAlgae Under MicroscopeAlgae: Algae ReproductionAlkaline Peptone Water Preparation, Composition, Principle, Application.Alkaline Phosphatase Test of Milk- Determination of Phosphatase Activity of MilkAlternaria alternata - Habitat, Life Cycle, Morphology, PathogenesisAlternative Pathway of Complement SystemAltitudinal Zonation - Definition, Factors, Importance, ExamplesAltruism among Animals - Definition and EvolutionAmensalism - Definition, Types, ExamplesAmes Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, Limitation, ApplicationsAmies Transport Medium Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesAmino Acid FormulaAmino Acids Physical Properties, Structure, Classification, FunctionsAmniocentesis (Amniotic Fluid Test) - Principle, Procedure, ResultAmoeba Cell Labeled Structure, Characteristics, Movement, Nutrition, Reproduction, Disease, Habitat.Amoeba Staining, Fixing, TechniquesAmoeba Under The MicroscopeAn Overview of Bacillus cereusAnabaena - Definition, Structure, Reproduction, ImportanceAnabaena Under MicroscopeAnabolism - Definition, Stages, Functions, Regulation, ExamplesAnabolism vs Catabolism - Differences Between Anabolism and CatabolismAnaerobic Blood Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesAnaerobic Culture Media Examples, DefinitionAnalytical Balance - Diagram, Principle, Parts, Types, UsesAnatomical and Physiological Barriers of Immune SystemAnatomy and Physiology of Respiratory SystemAncylostoma duodenale - Structure, Life Cycle, Habitat, CharacteristicsAnesthetic (MS222) Solution PreparationAnimal Cell Coloring - WorksheetAnimal Cell Culture Types, Application, Advantages and disadvantages.Animal Cell Labeled Diagram, Structure, Types, FunctionsAnimal Cell Labeling WorksheetAnimal Models for Autoimmune DiseasesAnion Exchange Chromatography - Principle, Protocol, ApplicationsAnomer - Definition, Mechanism, PropertiesAnomer of GlucoseAnswer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2011Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2012 (Part 1)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2012 (Part 2)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2012 (Part 3)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2013Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2014 (Part 1)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2014 (Part 2)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2014 (Part 3)Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2015Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2016Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2017Answer Key of BHU PET Applied Microbiology 2018Antibiotic Resistance: Definition, Mechanism, Example.Antibiotics definition, Characteristics, Classification, AdministrationAntibody - Structure, Types, Functions and PropertiesAnticodon - Definition, Principle, Functions, ExamplesAntifungal Drug - Mode of ActionAntigen - Definition, Types, Structure, Detection, PropertiesAntigen Presenting Cells (APCs)Antigen Processing and Presentation - Cytosolic Pathway and Endocytic Pathway Antigen Processing, and Presentation - MHC Class I, Class II,Antigen-Antibody Interaction Reaction - Definition, Types, Examples, PropertiesAntimicrobial Agent and ChemotherapyAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)Antiviral ChemotherapyAntiviral Drug - Mode of ActionAPI (Analytical Profile Index) 20E Test Result, Principle, ProcedureApoptosis Pathway- Definition, Functions, Mechanism, ExamplesApoptosis vs. Necrosis - Definition, Types, CausesApplications of Fluorescence SpectroscopyAquatic Ecosystem - Definition, Types. ExamplesArabinose Operon - Definition, Structure, Mechanism Archaea - Definition, Habitat, Characteristics, Importance, ExamplesArchaea vs Bacteria - Definition, Difference, ExamplesArchaea vs Bacteria vs Eukarya - 30 Differences, Definition, ExamplesArchaebacteria Definition, Types, Characteristics, Structure, ExamplesArchaeopteryx A connecting link Between Reptiles and Birds (Aves)Are Viruses Living or Non-Living?Arneth Count for Neutrophils - Principle, Procedure.Ascaris lumbricoides - Structure, Reproduction, Life Cycle, CharacteristicsAsexual Reproduction in bacteria - Definition, Types, Advantages, DisadvantagesAsexual Reproduction in Plants - Definition, MethodsAshdown’s Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesAspergillosis - Causative Agent, Symptoms, Types, TreatmentAspergillus clavatus - Morphology, Life Cycle, PathogenesisAspergillus flavus - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, HabitatAspergillus fumigatus - Characteristics, Structure, PathogenesisAspergillus niger - Structure, Habitat, CharacteristicsAssisted Reproductive Technology - Techniques, ImportanceAtomic Force Microscope (AFM) - Definition, Principle, ApplicationAuramine - Rhodamine Staining: Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationsAutoclave - Definition, Principle, Parts, Operating Procedure, UsesAutoclave Bag - Application, Types, Applications, AdvantagesAutoimmune Disease - Definition, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment, ExamplesAutoimmunity - Definition, Types, Tolerance, Pathogenesis, MechanismsAutomated Cell Counter - Principle, Types, and ApplicationsAutonomic nervous system - Definition, Structure, FunctionsAutotrophs - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesAves - Definition, Characteristics, ClassificationBB cell or B lymphocytes - Definition, Function, TypesBacitracin Susceptibility Test Principle, Procedure, ResultBacterial Capsule: Definition, Functions, Composition, Types, Demonstration, and examples.Bacterial cell wall structure and Composition.Bacterial Conjugation - Definition, Steps, MethodsBacterial Culture Media Classification, Ingredients, Functions and Preparation.Bacterial Culture TechniqueBacterial Flagella Staining by Leifson Flagella Stain MethodBacterial Food Poisoning: Symptoms, Prevention, Causes & Treatment.Bacterial Growth and Different Environmental Factors Affect Bacterial GrowthBacterial Growth Curve - Definition, Phases, Calculations, Factors, ImportanceBacterial Secretion Systems - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ImportanceBacterial Smear PreparationBacterial toxin: Definition, Types, Example.Bacterial Transduction - Generalized and Specialized TransductionBacterial Transformation - Definition, Principle, Steps, ExamplesBacterial Transformation ProtocolBacteriological Examination of Waters by Using Membrane Filtration MethodBacteriophages - Definition, Morphology, Life cycle, SignificanceBaird Parker Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBaltimore classification System of VirusesBasidiomycetes Life cycle, Characteristics, Significance, MyceliumBasophil - Definition, Mechanism, Structure, FunctionsBath Solution (Ca2+/Mg2+ Free) PreparationBCYE Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBead Homogenizer | Bead Mill Homogenizers - Principle, UsesBeaker - Definition, Types, Features, and ApplicationsBeer ProductionBeer-Lambert Law - Definition, Derivation, and LimitationsBench Top Centrifuge - Principle, Types, Parts, UsesBenedict’s Test - Principle, Reagent Preparation, Procedure, Result, LimitationBest and Top Books for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyBest and Top Books for Microbial Genetics and Molecular BiologyBest Book for BHU PET Applied MicrobiologyBest books for CSIR NET Life ScienceBest Books for Industrial and Food MicrobiologyBest Books for Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyBest Books For Microbial MetabolismBest Books for Microbiology B.Sc 2nd Semester and BiochemistryBest Books for Soil and Environmental MicrobiologyBest Microbiology Books For B.Sc 1st Year Students and BacteriologyBeta (β) Lactamase Test Principle, Procedure, ResultsBeta-oxidation of Fatty Acid - Definition, Steps, ImportanceBHU PET Applied microbiology Question Papers of Previous Years.BHU PET Applied Microbiology Syllabus and BooksBial test for pentoses Principle, Objective, Procedure, ResultBile Esculin Agar (BEA) Principle, Composition, Preparation, Results, UsesBile Esculin Test Principle, Procedure, Result, and application.Bile Solubility Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultBinary fission Definition, Types, Steps, ExamplesBinomial Nomenclature Definition, Rules, Examples, Advantages, DisadvantagesBioaccumulation - Definition, Mechanisms, ApplicationsBioaerosol - Definition, Types, Collection, TransmissionBiochemical Test of Bacillus anthracisBiochemical Test of Bacillus cereusBiochemical Test of Hafnia alveiBiochemical Test of Providencia stuartiiBiochemical Test of Salmonella TyphiBiochemical Test of Yersinia pestisBiodegradation - Definition, Steps, Factors, ApplicationsBiodiversity - Definition, Types, Importance, ConservationBiogeny (Formation of Primitive Life)Biogeochemical Cycle - Definition, Importance, ExamplesBiography of Alexander FlemingBiography of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Father of MicrobiologyBiography of Edward Jenner - British doctor and scientistBiography of Lazzaro Spallanzani - Italian physiologistBiography of Louis Pasteur - French Biologist and ChemistBiography of Robert HookeBiography of Robert Koch - Founder of Modern BacteriologyBioinformatics - Definition, Introduction, Purpose, ApplicationsBioinformatics Databases, Software, and ToolsBiological Clocks - Circadian rhythms, Tidal rhythms, Lunar rhythms, Jet lag, EntrainmentBiological Consequences of Complement ActivationBiological Magnification -Definition, Causes, EffectsBiological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Definition, Importance, MeasurementBiology Crossword - AnabolismBiology Word Search – AnabolismBiology Word Search Puzzle on Ecological PyramidsBiology Word Search Worksheet on Cell Biology TermsBiology Word Search Worksheet on Cori CycleBiology Word Search Worksheet on MitochondriaBiology Word Search Worksheets on Abiotic FactorBiology Word Search Worksheets on Biotic FactorBiology Word Search Worksheets on RibosomesBioprocess Engineering Definition, Types, UsesBioreactor Types, Design, Parts, Applications, LimitationsBioremediation - Definition, Types, ApplicationBiosafety Cabinet: Definition, Classification (Class I, II, III), Working Mechanism, Application, Features.Biosafety Guidelines: Biosafety guidelines and regulationsBiosafety levels With their Primary and Secondary Barriers.Biotic Factors - Definition, Types, ExamplesBiotic Factors of a DesertBird Seed Agar (Staibs Medium) Composition, Principle, PreparationBismuth Sulphite Agar (BSA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBiuret Test For Protein Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.BLAST - Definition, Types, Characteristics, Outputs, ApplicationsBlastomyces dermatitidis - Morphology, Transmission, TreatmentBlood Agar Definition, Preparation, Composition, Application, and limitationBlood Cells: Definition, Types, Structure and FunctionsBlood Collection Tubes - Definition, Significance of Color CodingBlood Cross Matching - Principle, Procedure, Result.Blood Grouping Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultBlood Pressure - Definition, Types, Measurement, DisordersBlotting Technique - Definition, Types, ApplicationBOD Incubator - Definition, Principle, Components, Procedure, ApplicationBOD Test - Biological Oxygen Demand TestBody Lines of Defense - Types, ExamplesBone - Definition, Structure, Types, Growth, Resorption, Bone StructureBone Marrow - Definition, Types, Structure and FunctionsBotulism Food Poisoning by Clostridium botulinumBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)- Mad Cow DiseaseBradford Stock Solution PreparationBrain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBranches of MicrobiologyBrief History And Developments In Industrial MicrobiologyBright Field Microscope: Definition, Parts, Working Principle, ApplicationBrilliant Green Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBrucella Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesBryophytes definition, classification, life cycle, characteristics, importanceBSc Nursing Syllabus of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd YearBudding - Definition, Process, Advantages, DisadvantagesBunsen Burner - Definition, Principle, Parts, FunctionsBurkholderia Cepacia Agar Base Preparation, Composition, PrincipleButyrate Disk Test Principle, Procedure, ResultCColor Spectrophotometer - Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsCalcium Chloride Stock Solution PreparationCalcofluor White Staining - Principle, Procedure, Results, ApplicationsCalcutta University MSc Microbiology Old Question Papers Download - Cu Old Question paperCAMP Test Principle, Procedure, ResultCampylobacter Blood Agar (CVA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesCampylobacter Infection and Food Poisoning - CampylobacteriosisCanal System in Sponge - Definition, Types, Structures, Mechanisms, Functions and ExamplesCancer Immunotherapy Candida albicans - Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, TreatmentCandida albicans Gram Staining - Procedure, ResultCandida glabrata - Morphology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, PreventionCandida parapsilosis - Morphology, Pathogenesis, Transmission, TreatmentCandida tropicalis - Morphology, Pathogenesis, Transmisssion, TreatmentCandidiasis - Definition, Causative Agent, Types, TransmissionCandidiasis - Types, Causative Agent, Treatment, Prevention, SymptomsCapillary Electrophoresis - Definition, Principle, Types and ApplicationCapsule Staining Procedure, Principle, ResultCarbenicillin Solution PreparationCarbohydrate Fermentation Test - Sugar Fermentation TestCarbohydrates - Definition, Structure, Types, Examples, FunctionsCarbohydrates - Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, PolysaccharidesCarbohydrates Definition, Examples, Structure, Types, and FunctionsCarbon cycle - Definition, Steps, Importance, ExamplesCareer In Microbiology and Its ImportanceCareers of Microbiologist: Scope, Salary, Jobs, Courses, Eligibility.Carl Woese’s Classification - Three Domain ClassificationCartilage - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsCary Blair Transport Medium - Principle, Composition, Preparation, Uses, ResultsCas9 Protein - Structure, Types, FunctionCasein Hydrolysis Test Principle, Procedure, ResultCatalase Test Principle, Procedure, Result and Application.Cation Exchange Chromatography - Principle, Protocol, UsescDNA Cloning - Definition, Principle, Steps, ApplicationscDNA library - Definition, Principle, Construction, UsescDNA Synthesis - Principle, Protocol Cell - Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, ExamplesCell Biology FlashcardsCell Coat - Definition, Functions, StructureCell Cycle - Definition, Phases, RegulationCell Disruption - Definition, Methods, ApplicationCell Fusion - Definition, Types, SignificanceCell Growth - Definition, Types, MechanismsCell Mediated Immune Response Cell membrane (Plasma Membrane) Structures and FunctionsCell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) WorksheetCell Membrane Staining Procedure, Principle, ResultCell Organelles Structure and their FunctionsCell proliferation - Definition, Types, differentiation, assay, diseasesCell Signaling - Definition, Types, FunctionsCell Structure and Functions - Cell OrganellesCell Theory - Definition, History, Principles, Modern Theory, ExamplesCell Wall - Definition, Structure, Composition, FunctionsCell Wall Staining by Dayr's MethodCell Wall Structure of Archaebacteria Cells of Immune System - Types and ExamplesCellular Junctions - Types and FunctionsCellular Respiration Equation, Types, Steps, and ImportanceCellular Structure of Algae with diagramCellulose Acetate Electrophoresis - Definition, Principle, Operating Procedure, UsesCentral Dogma - Definition, Replication, Transcription, TranslationCentrifugal Force - Definition, Principle, Formula, Calculation, ExamplesCentrifugal Separators - Working Principle, Parts, Types, UsesCentrifugation of blood - Blood SeparationCentrifuge - Definition, Principle, Parts, TypesCentrifuge Blood Sample - Purpose, Steps, TechniquesCentrifuge tube - Definition, Types, Applications, SizesCentrioles - Definition, Structure, FunctionsCentrosome - Definition, Structure, Functions, DiagramCephalochordate Characteristics, ClassificationCetrimide Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesCetrimide Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, ResultscGMP Pathway – Definition, Steps, Functions, RegulationChannel Protein - Definition, Structure, Function, ExampleCharacteristic of Genetic CodeCharacteristics of Muscle Twitch - Motor Unit, Summation and TetanusCharacters of Algae | General Characters of AlgaeCharcoal Selective Medium Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesCheek Cells Under a MicroscopeChemical Method of Sterilization - Types, Mode of Action, Application, Examples.Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) - Definition, Measurement, UsesChemogeny or Chemical Evolution of LifeChemosynthetic Bacteria Examples, Definition, Pathways, and ProcessesChlamydia and ChlamydophilaChlamydia Under the MicroscopeChloroplast - Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Location, Functions, and DiagramChloroquine solution Preparation and UsesChocolate Agar Media - Principle, Composition, Preparation, ResultChondrichthyes - Characteristics, Classification & ExamplesCHROMagar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesChromatography- Definition, Principle, Types, ApplicationsChromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis) - Morphology, Pathogenesis, Transmission, TreatmentChromosome Abnormalities Types, Mechanism, DetectionChromosome Definition, Function, Structure, TypesChromosome Mapping - Definition, Types, Steps, Unit, ImportanceChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) Chytridiomycota OverviewCilia - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionCilia and Flagella Definition, Structure, FunctionCirculatory System in Vertebrates - Components, Structure, FunctionsCirculatory System of EarthwormCirculatory System of FrogCis and Trans Isomers - Definition, Properties, Identification, ExamplesCitric Acid ProductionClassical Pathway of Complement ActivationClassification of BacteriaClassification of ChromatographyClassification of Culture MediaClassification of Fungi: Gymnomycota, Mastigomycota, Amastigomycota.Classification of LipidClassification of Protein On the Basis of Structure, Composition, FunctionsClassification of VirusCleavage - Definition, Types, Planes, Patterns, SignificanceCLED Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesClimax Community - Definition, Characteristics, TheoriesCloning Vectors - Definition, Types, Features, ApplicationsClostridium botulinum - OverviewClostridium perfringens - OverviewClostridium perfringens Food PoisoningClostridium tetani - OverviewClostridium Under MicroscopeCoagulase Test Principle, Procedure, Application, Result.Coarse Adjustment and Fine Adjustment Knob of MicroscopeCoccidioidomycosis - Definition, Life Cycle, PathogenesisCOD Test - Test for Chemical Oxygen Demand In WastewaterCoding Strand vs. Template Strand - Difference Between Template and Coding StrandCodominance - Definition, Examples, ImportanceCodon Chart and Codon TableCold-blooded vs Warm-blooded animalsColiform Bacteria - Definition, Classification, ExamplesColiforms Presence/Absence (PA) TestCollagen Hybridizing Peptide StainingColony Counter - Definition, Types, Parts, PrincipleColony Morphology of Bacteria and ExamplesColorimeter - Definition, Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsColorimeter vs SpectrophotometerColtivirus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisColumbia Blood Agar Base w/ Hemin - Composition, Preparation, Principle, Result, UsesColumbia CNA Agar - Composition, Preparation, Uses, and ResultsColumn Chromatography - Procedure, Instruments, Application, AdvantagesCommensalism - Definition, Types, ExampleCommon Fungal Culture Media and Their UsesCommon Glassware used in A Microbiology LaboratoryCommunity - Definition, Types, Characterisitcs, ImportanceCommunity Characteristics - Dominance, Diversity, Species richness, Abundance, StratificationComparison Between Acid Fast and Non Acid Fast BacteriaComparison Between Gram Stain and Acid FastComparison Between Kinyoun Stain vs Ziehl neelsen stainCompetition Interaction - Definition and Types with ExamplesCompetitive ELISA - Principle, Protocol, ApplicationsComplement Components - Definition, Functional categoriesComplement Fixation Test - Principle, Types, Procedure, Results, ApplicationsComplement System Definition, Activation, Effects, RegulationComplete List of Important Biology TermsComposting - Methods, Types, Factors, ImportanceCompound Microscope Principle, Parts, Diagram Definition, ApplicationConcept of Species - Definition, Types, Importance, Modes of speciationCondenser of a MicroscopeConfocal Microscope Principle, Uses, Parts, Advantages, and Disadvantages.Conical Flask (Erlenmeyer flask) - Diagram, Definition, Types, UsesConnective tissue - Structure, Location, Function and ClassificationConsumers - Definition, Types, ExamplesContamination of FoodsContamination of FoodsContamination, Preservation, and Spoilage of Cereals and Cereal ProductsContinuous Culture Definition, Advantage, Application, SystemsContribution of Antonie van LeeuwenhoekContribution of Louis Pasteur in Microbiology.Contribution of Microbiologist: Ignaz Semmelweis, Hans Christian Gram, Charles Lavaran, Fanny Hesse, Marjory Stephenson, Kiyoshi Shiga, Emil von Behring.Contribution of Microbiologist: Selman Waksman, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Charles Nicolle, Gerhard Domagk, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, Max Theiler.Contribution of Microbiologists: Joseph Lister, Alexander Fleming, Edward Jenner, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Martinus Beijerinck.Contribution of Paul Ehrlich and John Snow In MicrobiologyContribution of Robert Koch and Koch’s PostulatesControl Group - Definition, Importance, ExamplesControlled Experiment - Definition, Process, Importance, ExamplesCoomb’s Test - Direct and Indirect Coomb’s TestCorals and coral Reefs - Definition, Structure, Types, FormationCori Cycle - Definition, Steps, Regulation, ImportanceCoronavirus - Definition, Structure, Genome, ReplicationCounter Current Immunoelectrophoresis - Principle, Procedure, Result.Cranial Nerves in Mammals - Definition, Types, Structure, FunctionsCresol Red Solution Preparation and UsesCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus - An OverviewCRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing - Definition, Mechanism, ApplicationCryptococcus neoformans - Structure, Infection, HabitatCSIR NET 2008 Life Science Answer KeyCSIR NET 2009 Life Science Answer KeyCSIR NET 2010 Life Science Answer KeyCSIR NET 2011 Life Science Answer Key with Question Paper.CSIR NET 2012 Life Science Answer Key with Question Paper.CSIR NET 2013 Life Science Answer Key with Question Paper.CSIR NET 2014 Life Science Answer Key with Question Paper.CSIR NET Life Science Answer Key of 2015CSIR NET Life Science Answer Key of 2016CSIR NET Life Science Answer Key of 2017CSIR NET Life Science Answer Key of 2018CSIR NET Life Science Answer Key of 2019CSIR NET Life Science Question Papers With Answer Key from 208 to 2019.CSIR NET Life Science SyllabusCultivation of Anaerobic BacteriaCultivation of bacteriaCulture Media Examples, Components and Primary PurposeCulture Media Preparation, Maintenance and PreservationCulture medium Definition, Preparation, ClassificationCultures Production for Food FermentationsCyanobacteria - Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Functions, ExamplesCyclic AMP pathway (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate)Cysticercosis - Definition, Symptoms, Treatment, DiagnosisCystine Glucose Blood Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesCystine Tryptic Agar Composition, Preparation, Principle, UsesCytokinesis - Definition and Process In animal and Plant CellsCytoplasm Functions, Structure, Definition, and DiagramCytoplasmic Matrix - Definition, Structure, PropertiesCytoskeleton - Definition, Structure, Functions Cytoskeleton Components WorksheetCytotoxic T cellsCzapek’s Agar (CZA) - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesDDarwinism Theory - Definition & ExamplesDaughter Cells - Definition, Formation, Importance, ExamplesDecanter centrifuge - Principle, Types, Parts, UsesDecarboxylase Broth ProtocolDecarboxylase Test Principle, Procedure, Results, UsesDecomposers - Definition, Mechanisms, Types, ExampleDegradation of Hydrocarbons (oil spills)Degradation of Pesticides - Types, MechanismsDeletion Mutation - Definition, Causes, Mechanism, ExamplesDendritic cell - Definition, Location, Structure, Types, FunctionsDengue and Dengue Virus - OverviewDenitrification - Definition, Process, FactorsDensity Gradient Centrifugation Principle, Protocol, UsesDeoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesDeoxyribonuclease (DNase) Test Principle, Procedure, ResultDesert Ecosystem - Definition, Types, ImportanceDetect the presence of specific antibody and quantitate the amount of antibody in patient’s serumDetritus Food Chain - Definition, Energy Flow, ExamplesDevelopment Stages of frog - Pre-embryonic, embryonic and post-embryonic developmentDevelopmental Biology Introduction, Hisotry and Basic conceptsDexamethasone: Finally good news for COVID-19 PatientsDexamethasone: Mechanism, Application, Side effects.Diagnostic Techniques of Viruses - Molecular and Immunological TechniquesDiaphragm of a Microscope - Definition, Types, Mechanism, FunctionsDiatoms - Definition, Structure, Life Cycle, ImportanceDiatoms Under the MicroscopeDiauxic growth Curve, Definition, Occurrence.What is diauxic growth?Diauxic growth Curve, Definition, Occurrence.Difference Between Active Transport and Passive Transport - Active vs Passive TransportDifference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration - Aerobic vs Anaerobic RespirationDifference Between Analytical Balance and Triple Beam BalanceDifference Between Asexual and Sexual ReproductionDifference between Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)Difference between Biomagnification and BioaccumulationDifference Between Biotic and Abiotic Factors - Biotic vs Abiotic FactorsDifference Between Bone and Cartilage - Bone vs CartilageDifference Between Breathing and Respiration - Breathing vs RespirationDifference Between Cation and Anion - Cation vs AnionDifference Between cDNA and Genomic DNA - cDNA vs genomic DNADifference between celsius and fahrenheit - Celsius Vs Fahrenheit ScaleDifference between Chromosome and Chromatid - Chromosome vs ChromatidDifference between cilia and flagellaDifference between Cilia and MicrovilliDifference Between Cladogram and Phylogenetic treeDifference Between Classical, Alternative and Lectin PathwayDifference Between Coarse and Fine AdjustmentDifference Between Communicable and non-communicable diseasesDifference Between Compound Microscope and Simple Microscope.Difference Between Diploid and Haploid - Diploid vs HaploidDifference between endocytosis and exocytosis (endocytosis vs exocytosis)Difference between enzymes and hormones - enzymes vs hormonesDifference between Epithelial tissue and Connective tissue - Epithelial tissue vs Connective tissueDifference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic dna replicationDifference between Exocrine and Endocrine Glands - Exocrine vs Endocrine GlandsDifference between exotoxins and endotoxins - exotoxins vs endotoxinsDifference between genomic and cdna libraryDifference between Gram-Positive and Negative Bacteria - Gram-Negative vs. Gram-Po BacteriaDifference Between Habitat and Niche - Habitat vs NicheDifference between Heterochromatin and Euchromatin - Heterochromatin vs EuchromatinDifference between hot air oven and autoclaveDifference Between Hypertonic vs HypotonicDifference between Incomplete dominance and Co-dominance - Incomplete dominance vs Co-dominanceDifference Between Independent and Dependent variablesDifference Between Inhalation and Exhalation - Inhalation vs ExhalationDifference Between Lytic and Lysogenic CycleDifference between MHC Class I and MHC Class II - MHC Class I vs MHC Class IIDifference Between Multicellular and Unicellular OrganismsDifference between Natural and artificial selection - Natural vs artificial selectionDifference Between Northern, Southern and Western BlottingDifference between O antigen and H antigen - O vs H antigenDifference between One-step RT-qPCR and Two-step RT-qPCRDifference Between Oviparous and Viviparous - Oviparous vs ViviparousDifference between Photosystem 1 (PS1) and Photosystem 2 (PS2)Difference between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton - Phytoplankton vs ZooplanktonDifference Between Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated EndocytosisDifference between Plant cell and Animal cell - Plant cell vs Animal cellDifference Between Pollination and Fertilization - Pollination vs FertilizationDifference Between Primary and Secondary MetabolitesDifference between Primary and Secondary SuccessionDifference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsDifference Between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic Cell - Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic CellsDifference between Quantitative and Qualitative Data - Quantitative vs Qualitative DataDifference Between RNA Primer and DNA Primer - RNA Primer vs DNA PrimerDifference between Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acidsDifference Between Simple Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion - Simple diffusion vs facilitated diffusionDifference between static quenching and dynamic quenchingDifference between Vascular and Non-vascular plants - Vascular vs Non-vascular plantsDifference Between Virus and ViroidsDifference Between Xylem and Phloem - Xylem vs PhloemDifferences Between Absorption and AdsorptionDifferences Between Actin and Myosin - Actin vs MyosinDifferences between Active Immunity and Passive ImmunityDifferences Between Acute disease and Chronic DiseaseDifferences Between Agglutination and PrecipitationDifferences Between Amphibians and Reptiles - Amphibians vs ReptilesDifferences between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm - Angiosperm vs GymnospermDifferences between Anthrax bacilli and Anthracoid bacilliDifferences Between Antigenic Shift and Antigenic DriftDifferences between Arteries and Veins - Arteries vs VeinsDifferences Between Autotroph and HeterotrophDifferences between Autotroph and Heterotroph - Autotroph vs HeterotrophDifferences between B Cells and T Cells - B Cells vs T CellsDifferences Between Bacteria and Fungi - Bacteria vs FungiDifferences between Binary fission and multiple fissionDifferences Between Bones and Cartilage - Bones vs CartilageDifferences between Cytokines and ChemokinesDifferences between Diarrhea and Dysentery - Diarrhea vs DysenteryDifferences between DNA and RNA - DNA vs RNADifferences between DNA Replication and TranscriptionDifferences Between Genomics and ProteomicsDifferences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated ImmunityDifferences Between Hyaline cartilage, Elastic, and FibrocartilageDifferences between Invertebrates and VertebratesDifferences between Meningitis and EncephalitisDifferences Between Microfilaments and Microtubules - Microfilaments vs. MicrotubulesDifferences Between Mitochondria and Chloroplast - Mitochondria vs ChloroplastsDifferences between Mitosis and Meiosis - Mitosis vs MeiosisDifferences Between Monohybrid cross vs Dihybrid crossDifferences between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeaeDifferences Between Nitrification and DenitrificationDifferences Between Northern and Southern blotting - Northern blotting vs Southern blottingDifferences between Phenotype and Genotype - Phenotype vs GenotypeDifferences between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparumDifferences between Pneumococcus and Viridans streptococciDifferences between Primary and Secondary Succession - Primary vs Secondary SuccessionDifferences between Prokaryotes and EukaryotesDifferences between RBC and WBC - RBC vs WBCDifferences Between Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive, False negativeDifferences between Serum and Plasma - Serum vs PlasmaDifferences between Staphylococcus and StreptococcusDifferences Between Taenia Solium and Fasciola HepaticaDifferences between Transcription and Translation - Transcription vs TranslationDifferences Between Transduction and Transfection - Transduction vs TransfectionDifferences Between Type I Error and Type II ErrorDifferences Between Viroids and PrionsDifferences between Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles - Voluntary vs Involuntary MusclesDifferences between Voluntary muscles and Involuntary muscles - Voluntary vs Involuntary MusclesDifferences between Yeasts and Molds - Yeasts vs MoldsDifferent Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology LaboratoryDifferent Between DNA-A form, DNA-B form, DNA-Z formDifferent Buffer preparation for Gel ElectrophoresisDifferent classes of Antibodies and Their Properties and FunctionDifferent Laboratory Instruments for Measuring VolumesDifferent Plasma Membrane ModelsDifferent Programming Language for BioinformaticsDifferent Types of BirdsDifferent Types of Immunological Techniques With ExamplesDifferential Centrifugation Principle, Protocol, UsesDigastric Muscle - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsDigestive system of EarthwormsDigestive System of Frog - With DiagramDigital Microscope Principle, Parts, Application, AdvantagesDihybrid Cross Definition, Steps, Process, and ExamplesDinoflagellate - Definition, Structure, Reproduction, Importance, ExamplesDiphtheroids - Definition, Classification, Structure, Pathogenesis, TransmissionDiploid - Definition, Importance, ExamplesDirect ELISA - Principle, Protocol, AdvantagesDirect Microscopic Count (DMC) Advantage, Disadvantage.Dirt and Soil under a MicroscopeDisaccharides - Definition, Classification, Functions, ExamplesDisposable Glass Pasteur PipettesDissecting Microscope (Stereo Microscope) Definition, Uses, Parts, Principle.Dissecting microscope (Stereo microscope) WorksheetDissection of Rat With Labeled Diagram - Rat Dissection LabeledDistribution Of Microorganisms In Aquatic EnvironmentDNA - Definition, Structure, Properties, Types, FunctionsDNA Analyzer - Principle, Parts, Operating, ApplicationsDNA Fingerprinting - Definition, Steps, Methods, ApplicationsDNA Ladders - Definition, Types, UsesDNA Methylation - Definition, Mechanisms, FunctionsDNA Microarray Principle, Types and Steps involved in cDNA microarraysDNA Polymerase - Definition, Mechanism, Structure, TypesDNA polymerase I - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsDNA polymerase II - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsDNA polymerase III (holoenzyme)DNA polymerase IV - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsDNA Recombination - Definition, Mechanisms, TypesDNA Repair Mechanisms and TypesDNA Replication WorksheetDNA Sequencing - Definition, Principle, Steps, Types, ApplicationsDNA Transcription (RNA Synthesis) - Definition, Diagram, Steps, Inhibitors, ImportanceDomain - Definition, Development, Importance, ExamplesDot Blot Protocol, Principle, Definition.Double Beam Balance - Principle, Procedure, Purpose, UsesDounce Homogenizer - Principle, Types, Procedure, Parts, UsesDownstream Processing StepsDrying Method of Food Preservation - Types, Methods, ExamplesEEcological Succession - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ExamplesEcological Succession Worksheet and Answer KeyE. Coli Under The MicroscopeEarthworm - Habitat, Morphology, Anatomy, SignificanceEastern blot - Protocol, Principle, ApplicationEbola Virus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisEcological efficiency - Definition, Factors, Calculation, ApplicationsEcological Pyramids - Definition, Types, Examples, Importance, LimitationsEconomic Importance of Algae: Food Industry, Chemical Industry, Agriculture, MedicineEconomic Importance of Fungi In Medicine, Industry, Agriculture, and Food.Economic Importance of Protozoa and Mode of InfectionEffect of antibiotics on the cell wallEgg Yolk Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesElastic Cartilage - Definition, Structure, FunctionsElectron Microscope: Definition, Types, Parts, Application, Advantages, DisadvantagesElectron Spin Resonance (ESR) - Principle, Instrumentation, ApplicationsElectron Transport Chain Diagram, Definition, Steps, Products, ImportanceElectroporator – Definition, Principle, Types, Protocol, ApplicationsElek test Principle, Procedure, ResultELISA Plate Reader - Microplate Reader or Assay ReaderELISA test - Definition, Principle, Procedure, Types, Steps, UsesELISA vs Western Blot - DifferencesEMB Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesEmbryological EvolutionEmbryology - Definition, Types, ImportanceEmbryonic Induction And OrganizersEmbryonic Stem Cells - Definition, Properties, ApplicationsEndemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic Definition In Microbiology.Endo Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesEndocrine Glands - Definition, Structure, Functions, ExamplesEndocrine System - Definition, Classification, Functions and Endocrine glandsEndocytosis - Definition, Steps, Types, Mechanism, Function, ExamplesEndonuclease vs Exonuclease - Definition, 22 Differences, ExamplesEndoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Structure, Functions and DiagramEndospore Definition, Formation, Germination, Structure, ResistanceEndospore Staining Principle, Procedure, ResultEndosymbiosis - Definition, Theory, Evidence, ExamplesEndosymbiotic Theory - Origin of the eukaryotic cellEndotoxin Definition, Examples, Structure, Virulence MechanismEnergy Flow in EcosystemEnergy Rich Compounds - Phosphoenolpyruvate, 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate, Thioesters, ATPEnhancer RNAs - Definition, Biogenesis, FunctionsEntamoeba Histolytica Life Cycle, Transmission, Disease, Diagnosis, TreatmentEnteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) - Disease, Pathogenesis, Treatment, DiagnosisEnteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) - Transmission, Disease, Pathogenesis, TreatmentEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) - Diseases, Toxins, Mode of Actions, TransmissionEntner–Doudoroff pathway: definition, Steps.Enzyme Immobilization - Definition, Methods, Advantages, DisadvantagesEnzyme Inhibition - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ExamplesEnzymes - Structure, Types, Mode of Action, Functions, Applications, ExamplesEnzymes (amylase, protease, lipase) ProductionEosinophil - Definition, Functions, Features, StructureEpidermophyton floccosumEpimers - Definition, Characteristics, ExamplesEpistasis - Definition, Causes, Types, ExamplesEpithelial Tissue Definition, Characteristics, Types, and FunctionsEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV) or Human Herpesvirus 4 - Structure, Genome, ReplicationErythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Principle, MethodsEscherichia coli(E. coli) morphology, arrangement, Cultural Characteristics, DiagnosisEsculin Hydrolysis test Principle, Procedure, ResultEthanol Metabolism - Steps, Factors, Enzymes, ImportanceEthanol Production (Alcohol) - Ethanol fermentationEthical Aspects of Biological ResearchEthidium Bromide Solution Preparation and useEthology (Animal Behaviour) Introduction, HistoryEubacteria - Definition, Structure, Characterisitcs, Types, ExamplesEuglena - Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Reproduction, ImportanceEuglena Eyespot - Definition, Function, Types, Structure, ProteinsEuglena Under The MicroscopeEukaryotic Cell - Definition, Structure, Functions, ExamplesEukaryotic Cell FlashcardEukaryotic DNA Replication - Definition, Steps, SingnificationEukaryotic TranscriptionEutrophication - Definition, Causes, Types, and EffectsEvidences of EvolutionEvolution of Parazoa and MetazoaExcretory System of EarthwormExocrine Glands - Definition, Structure, Functions, Types, ExamplesExocytosis Definition, Types, Steps, ExamplesExon - Definition, Types, Structure, FunctionsExperimental Group - Definition, Importance, ExamplesExperiments on DNA StructureExpression of MHC MoleculesExtinction - Background extinction, Mass extinctionExtra-embryonic Membranes in Chick - Definition, Types, Development, FunctionsExtremophiles - Definition, Classification, ExamplesExtremophiles - Microbiology of Extreme Environments Definition, Types, ExamplesExtrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis - Definition, Mechanism, Functions, RegulationEye and Ear Microbiome - Normal Flora of Eye & EarFFlashcard on Hot Air OvenFacilitated Diffusion - Definition, Principle, ExamplesFacilitated Diffusion vs Active transportFactor affecting bacterial growthFactors Affecting Fermentation Characteristics of Starter Cultures Factors affecting the growth of microorganisms in foodFactors Affecting The Growth Of Microorganisms In FoodsFactors Of Ecosystem - Definition, TypesFactors That Affects Enzyme ActivityFasciola hepatica - Definition, Structure, Reproducation, Life CycleFascioliasis: Causative agent, Life cycle, Symptoms, Treatment.FASTA - Definition, Programs, Working, Steps, ApplicationsFate Map - Definition, Construction and ApplicationsFate of Pyruvate: Acetyl CoA, Lactate, Alcohol Formation.Fates of PyruvateFatty acid - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsFeedback Inhibition - Definition, Process, Functions, ExamplesFeedback Mechanism - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ExamplesFeeder Pathways for GlycolysisFehling's Test Principle, Procedure, ResultFermentation - Definition, Types, Principle, Products, Stages, LimitationsFermentation Foods - BreadFermentation Foods - Malt BeveragesFermentation Foods - VinegarFermentation Foods - WinesFermentation Media - Media Used For The Growth of Microorganisms in IndustriesFertilization - Changes in Gametes, Monospermy and PolyspermyFertilization - Definition, Types, ProcessFiltration - Definition, Mechanisms, Types, Examples, ApplicationFiltration Sterilization Types, Mechanism, UsesFimbriae and pili Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Differences.Flagella - Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Rotation, ExamplesFlagella Staining Principle, Procedure, ResultFlagellar Movement Mechanisms and Chemotaxis.Flash chromatography - Principle, Instrumentation, Protocol, ApplicationsFlashcard on ATPFlashcard on Autoclave PartsFlashcard on Autoclave Viva Questions AnswerFlashcard on Bile Solubility TestFlashcard on Bright Field MicroscopeFlashcard on DNAFlashcard on DNA ReplicationFlashcard on DNA StructureFlashCard on FlagellumFlashcard on GlycolysisFlashcard on Parts of a Microscope and Their FunctionsFlashcard on PH Meter Flashcard on pH Meter Viva Questions & AnswersFlashcard on RibosomeFlashcard on RNAFlashcard on Types of SpectrophotometerFlashcard on Urea CycleFlashcard on Viva Questions & Answers on SpectrophotometerFlashcard on Water Bath PartsFlora vs Fauna - Differences between Flora and FaunaFlow Cytometry - Types, Purpose, Reagents, Examples, ApplicationFlow Cytometry Laboratory for cell viability staining using propidium iodide.Flow cytometry Principle, Process, UsesFluid Mosaic Model of Plasma MembraneFluorescence Microscopy - Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses, ExamplesFluorescence Spectrophotometry - Definition, Principle, Parts, Advantages, UsesFood Chain - Definition, Types, Parts, ExamplesFood Irradiation - Definition, Symbol, Process, Applications, DisadvantagesFood Microflora - MoldsFood Poisoning by Bacillus cereus - Foodborne ToxinsFood poisoning by Listeria monocytogenes - ListeriosisFood Preservation - Chemical Preservatives with Types, ExamplesFood Preservation by chemicals - Food AdditivesFood Preservation by IrradiationFood Preservation By Low TemperaturesFood Preservation by Using High TemperaturesFood Preservation method by Low Temperature - Refrigeration, Chilling, FreezingFood Spoilage General Principles - Chemical Changes Caused by MicroorganismsFood Technology, Bioengineering and BioreactorFood Vacuole - Definition, Types, Formation, Structure, FunctionsFood Web - Definition, Types, ExamplesFoodborne Giardiasis - Definition, Pathogenesis, ContaminationFoodborne Infection by Shigella- Shigellosis Food PoisoningFoodborne Microorganism - BacteriaFoodborne Microorganism - YeastsFoodborne Viruses - Definition, Examples, Detection, PreventionForest Ecosystem - Definition, Types, FunctionsFormation and Fate of Germ LayersFossils - Definition, Types, Formation, Dating, ExamplesFour Types of Protein Structure With Diagram - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and QuaternaryFragmentation - Definition, Steps, Importance, Advantages, DisadvantagesFrederick Griffith Experiment: Bacterial transformationFructose Metabolism Pathway - FructolysisFunaria Structure, Characteristics, ReproductionFungi - Definition, Characteristics, Morphology, Importance, Thallus Organization.Fungi Characteristics, Occurrence, Cell Structure, Nutrition, Thallus Organisation, Mycelium.Fungi: Types of Fungi and Their Reproduction.Fusarium spp - Definition, Structure, PathogenesisGG Protein Coupled Receptors - Structure, Functions, and Mechanismgab Operon - Definition, Structure, RegulationGalactose (Gal) Operon - Structure, RegulationGametogenesis - Definition, Types, StepsGamma-ray Spectroscopy - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesGardnerella Vaginalis - Habitat, Morphology, Genome, TreatmentGas Chromatography - Definition, Parts, Principle, Working, usesGas Treatment in Food Preservation TechniqueGasPak Anaerobic System Principle, ApplicationGastrointestinal Amebiasis by Entamoeba histolyticaGATE BT Biotechnology Solved Question Paper Download (2021-1999)GATE Life Science Solved Question Paper Download 2021-2007Gause’s Principle With laboratory and Field examplesGel Electrophoresis System - Definition, Principle, Parts, Types, ProcedureGel Filtration Chromatography - Principle, Components, Steps, Types, ApplicationGel Permeation Chromatography - Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, ApplicationsGel Staining Procedure for PAGEGelatin Hydrolysis Test Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.Gene Cloning - Steps, Definition, ApplicationsGene Expression Profiling - Definition, Uses, LimitationsGene frequencies - Definition, Calculation, ImportanceGene Interaction - Definition, Types, Examples, ImportanceGene Mapping - Definition, Types, ApplicationsGene Pool - Definition, Types, Working, Importance, Evolution, ExamplesGene Prediction - Definition, Methods, ImportanceGeneral Protocol for Western BlottingGenetic Code - Definition, Characteristics, Wobble HypothesisGenetic Engineering - Definition, Tools, Steps, Advantages, Applications, ExamplesGenus - Definition, Advantages, Uses, ExamplesGerhardt's test Principle, Procedure, ResultGerm Theory of DiseaseGiardia duodenalis (Giardia lamblia or Giardia intestinalis)Giardiasis definition, treatment, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention.Gibberellin - Definition, Structure, Biosynthesis, Functions, UsesGibbs Free EnergyGiemsa Stain: Preparation, Procedure, Principle, Composition and ApplicationGiolitti-Cantoni Broth for Staphylococcus aureusGland - Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, ExamplesGlandular Epithelium functions, definition, structure, examplesGlass Bulb Pipette - Everythig You Need to KnowGlass Dropper Pipette - Everything You Need To KnowGlass Pipettes - Definition, Principle, Types, Handling, and UsesGlass Serological Pipettes - Everythings You Need to KnowGlorious History of MicrobiologyGluconeogenesis - Definition, Steps, Reactions, Substrates, ImportanceGluconic Acid ProductionGlucose Tolerance Test - Principle, Procedure, Types, ApplicationsGlycocalyx Definition, Composition, Types, Functions.Glycogen - Defintion, Structure, Functions, ExamplesGlycogen Metabolism in Human BodyGlycolysis - Definition, Steps, Enzymes, Regulation, ResultGlycolysis 10 Steps With Diagram and ATP FormationGlycoprotein - Definition, Structure, Functions, ExamplesGolgi Apparatus - Definition, Structure, Functions, and DiagramGolgi Body (Golgi Complex) - Structure, FunctionsGonadal hormones - Secretion, Functions, Mechanism, RegulationGradient PCR - Definition, Principle, Process, FunctionsGram Negative bacteria - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, ImportanceGram Positive bacteria - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, ExamplesGram Staining - Procedure, Principle, and ResultsGram-Sure (L-Alanine-7-amido-4-methylcourmarin) Test Grassland Ecosystem - Definition, Types, ComponentsGrazing Food Chain - Definition, Types, Examples and FeaturesGrocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver Staining - Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsGrowth at 42 Test - Growth of Non Fermentative Bacteria at 42°CHHaemagglutination Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, MaterialHand Washing Steps And Guidelines By CDC and WHO with Video and InfographicHanging Drop Method (Motility test) Principle, and Procedure, Result, UsesHanta Virus - Definition, Structure, Genome, ReplicationHaploid - Definition, Importance, ExamplesHaworth Projection - Definition, Characterisitcs, ExamplesHeart Infusion Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesHeat and Acetic Acid Test for Proteinuria: Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesHeat Coagulation Test of Proteins - Principles, Procedure, ResultHeat Treatment for Food PreservationHektoen Enteric Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesHeLa Cells - Definition, Characteristics, Significance, ApplicationsHemagglutination Inhibition TestHematocrit Centrifuge - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesHematopoiesis - Definition, Process, LocationsHematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining - Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesHemocytometer and HaemocytometryHemoglobin - Definition, Structure and FunctionHepatitis A Virus - Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, TransmissionHepatitis B Virus - Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, TransmissionHepatitis C virus - Structure, Replications, Pathogenesis, Genome StructureHepatitis D Virus - Structure, Genome, Replication, Pathogenesis,Hepatitis E Virus - Structure, Genome, Transmission, Replication, Diagnosis, TreatmentHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)Hershey–Chase experiment On DNAHeterogeneous Nuclear RNA (hnRNA)Heterotroph - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesHigh Pressure Homogenizer - Principle, Types, Parts, UsesHigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)High-Pressure Processing (HPP) - Dfinition, Principle, Process, ApplicationsHippurate Hydrolysis Test Principle, Procedure, ResultHistology - Definition, Methods, Careers, ImportanceHistory and Scope of MicrobiologyHistory of Life - Overview, Chemogeny, Biogeny, RNA World, Major Events in History of LifeHistory of the MicroscopeHomeostasis - Definition, Mechanism, Types, Importance, ExamplesHomogenizer - Principle, Parts, Types, Procedure, UsesHomology Modeling - Definition, Steps, Diagram, ApplicationsHoney bee - Definition, Types, BehaviourHopkins Cole test (Adamkiewicz–Hopkins) Principle, Procedure, ResultHormone - Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, ExamplesHost Pathogen InteractionHost pathogen Interaction and Its Importance.Host-Parasite Interactions - Definition, Types, MechanismHot Air Oven - Definition, Principle, Uses, Parts, Application, Procedure.How L-arabinose operon different from other operons?How are samples prepared for a transmission electron microscope?How Are Vaccines Made?How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis?How Neurons Communicate - Resting membrane potentialHow to balance a centrifuge? - Centrifuge BalancingHow to calibrate a Microscope With a Stage Micrometer?How to Calibrate ph Meter?How to construct a Phylogenetic tree?How to Use a Compound MicroscopeHow to Use a Micropipette?How To Use A Microscope ProperlyHuman Astrovirus- An OverviewHuman Brain - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, FunctionsHuman Circulatory Circuit - Definition, Characteristics, Types, ImportanceHuman Circulatory System - Definition, Structure, Organs, FunctionsHuman Cytomegalovirus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisHuman Digestive System - Organs, Structure, FunctionsHuman Female Reproductive System Organs, Structure, FunctionsHuman Heart - Definition, Location, Anatomy, Structure, FunctionsHuman Male Reproductive System Organs, Structure, FunctionsHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) - Definition, Structure, Genome, Replication, Pathogenesis, TreatmentHumoral Immunity - Definition, MechanismHyaline Cartilage - Definition, Structure, FunctionsHyaline Casts in Urine: Types, Morphology, Clinical SignificanceHybridization Probes definition, uses, Preparation, Types.Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Test Principle, Procedure, ResultHydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC)Hypersensitivity - Definition, Types, Mechanisms, ExamplesHypersensitivity Type I, II, III and IV- Summary in table formHyphae - Definition, Types, Structure, Production, Functions, ExamplesHypothalamus - Definition, Structure, FunctionsHypotonic Solution - Definition, Importance, ExamplesIIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2013 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2014 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2015 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2016 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2017 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2018 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biological Sciences (BL) 2019 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2005 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2006 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2007 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2008 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2009 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2010 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2011 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2012 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2013 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2014 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2015 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2016 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2017 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2018 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2019 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2020 Solved Question Paper DownloadIIT JAM Biotechnology 2021 Solved Question Paper DownloadImmune Response - Definition, Factors, Types, ExamplesImmunity - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Components, and ImmunizationImmunodeficiencies - Definition, Types, Animal models(Nude and SCID mice)Immunodiffusion reaction Immunoelectrophoresis - Principle, Applications, Procedure, Results, Advantages and Disadvantages.Immunofluorescence Quenching Solution Preparation and ApplicationImmunoglobulin A (IgA Antibody) - Structure, Subclasses and FunctionsImmunoglobulin D (IgD) - Definition, Properties, Structure and FunctionsImmunoglobulin E (IgE) - Definition, Structure and FunctionsImmunoglobulin G (IgG Antibody)- Definition, Structure, Subclasses and FunctionsImmunoglobulin M (IgM Antibody) - Definition, Structure, FunctionsImmunological Tolerance - Definition, Mechanism, TypesImmunotherapy For TumorsImplantation of embryo in Humans - Definition, ProcessIMViC test procedure, Purpose, Result, and Organism List.In Silico drug designing and role of bioinformaticsIn Vitro Fertilization - Definition, Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsIncinerator - Definition, Principle, Types, ApplicationsInclusion bodies Definition, Classification, ExamplesIncomplete Dominance - Definition, Mechanism, ExamplesIncubator: Definition, Principle, Components, Types, Operating Procedure, Use.Indirect ELISA- Introduction, Steps, Advantages and ProtocolIndole Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesIndustrial centrifuge - Definition, Parts, Types, UsesInfertility in male and female - Causes, Diagnosis and ManagementInflammation - Definition, Causes, SymptomsInfluenza A Virus - Structure, Genome, Replication, Treatment, PreventionInfrared Spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy) - Principle, Instrumentation, ApplicationInnate Immunity - Definition, Types, MechanismInnate Immunity vs. Acquired Immunity (Adaptive immunity)Inoculating Loops and Needles - Definition, Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsInsect morphology (Morphology of Pest)Integral Protein - Definition, Types, Structure, Functions, ExamplesIntegrated Pest Management - Cultural, biological, chemical, genetic controlIntegument In Vertebrates - Structure, Functions and Derivatives.Interactions In communities - Types, Definition, ExamplesIntermediate Filaments - Definition, Structure, Function Interphase - Definition, Stages, Control, ImportanceIntrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis - Definition, ProcessIntroduction of Microbiology and MicrobeIntroduction to Ecology - Definition, Types, History, levels of organizationIntron - Definition, Structure, FunctionsIntrons vs Exons - Difference, Definition, Functions, StructureInverted Fluorescent Microscope - Principle, Protocol, Parts, UsesInverted Microscope WorksheetIodine Test - Iodine test for starch Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesIon Exchange Chromatography – Definition, Principle, Protocol, ApplicationsIron and Manganese Cycles - Steps, ImportanceIron-Hematoxylin Stain Principle, Procedure, ResultIsolation of Microorganism From AirIsolation of Microorganisms from SoilIsomerism - Definition, Types, Explanation, ExamplesIsomerism Definition, Types, Examples, StructuresJJapanese Encephalitis (JE) VirusJaw Suspension In VertebratesKKaryotype and Idiogram - Definition, Procedure, Steps, ApplicationsKeto Enol Tautomerization - Definition, Mechanism, ExamplesKetone Bodies - Definition, Structure, Production, FunctionsKidney - Structure, Anatomy, Urine Formation, acid-base balance, and FunctionKingdom Animalia - Different Phylum, Classification, CharacteristicsKingdom Monera - Classification, Characteristics, Importance, ExamplesKingdom Protista - Characteristics, Classification, Reproduction, Life Cycle, ExamplesKinyoun stain (Acid Fast Cold) Method: Principle, Procedure, ResultKirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test ProtocolKligler’s Iron Agar Test Principle, Procedure, ResultKOH Test (Potassium hydroxide test) Principle, Procedure, Results, UsesKrebs Cycle Definition, Steps, Products, Regulation.LL-form bacteria Definition, Size and shape, Culturing , ApplicationsL-Glutamic Acid ProductionLaboratory Diagnosis of Viral InfectionsLaboratory Flask - Definition, Types, UsesLaboratory Hot Plate - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesLaboratory Refrigerators and Freezers - Principle, Parts, ApplicationsLaboratory Rules: Basic Rules Of A Microbiology LaboratoryLaboratory Test Tube - Definition, Types, UsesLaboratory Water bath - Principle, Types, Parts, Operating Procedure, UsesLac Operon (lactose operon) - Definition, Structure, MechanismsLactic Acid ProductionLactic Acid Starter CultureLactobacilli MRS Broth and Agar - Composition, Preparation, PrincipleLactobacillus acidophilus - Definition, Morphology, Classification, HabitatLactobacillus MRS Broth Test Principle, Procedure, and ResultsLactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) MountsLactophenol Cotton Blue Staining Principle, Procedure, Result.Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution - Postulates, Examples, DrawbacksLamina Propria - Definition, Structure, FunctionsLaminar flow hood/cabinet Definition, Parts, Principle, ApplicationLassa Virus - An OverviewLatex agglutination test - Definition, Procedure, Principle, Advantages, Limitation, UsesLeaf Structure Under the MicroscopeLearning Behaviour - Definition, Types, ExamplesLectin Pathway of the Complement SystemLeishmaniasis Life cycle, Treatment, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention, Types, Distribution.Lentiviral Transfection ProtocolLeucine aminopeptidase (LAP) Test Principle, Procedure, ResultsLevels of Ecological Organization - Definition, ExamplesLevinthal’s Medium Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesLife cycle of Algae: Haplontic, Diplontic, Diplohaplontic, and Triphasic.Life Cycle of Fasciola HepaticaLight Microscope Labeled Diagram, Definition, Principle, Types, Parts, ApplicationsLight Microscope vs Electron Microscope - Definition, Parts, PrincipleLineweaver–Burk Plot - Double Reciprocal PlotLinkage (Genetic linkage) - Definition, Types, Example, ImportanceLinkage isomerism - Definition, ExamplesLipase Test Principle, Procedure, resultsLipid Hydrolysis Test Principle, Procedure, ResultLipids - Definition, Structure, Properties, Types, Functions, ExamplesLipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structure, FunctionsLiposome - Definition, Structure, Composition, ApplicationsLiquid Chromatography - Definition, Types, Principle, Protocol, ApplicationsLiquid Waste ManagementList of Top 10 Mini CentrifugeList of Top Biotechnology TechniquesLitmus Milk Test Principle, Procedure, ResultLoa loa Life cycle, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Transmission, TreatmentLocomotion In Protista - Definition, Organs, Locomotion TypesLoeffler Medium - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesLotka Volterra equation for competition and PredationLowenstein Jensen (LJ) Media Composition, Preparation, UsesLymph Nodes - Definition, Location, Structure and FunctionsLymphatic filariasis: Wuchereria bancroftiLymphocytes - Definition, Development, Types and FunctionsLysine decarboxylase test - Principle, Procedure, ResultLysine Iron Agar (LIA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesLysine Iron Agar (LIA) Test Principle, Procedure, ResultLysogenic Cycle - Definition, Steps, ImportanceLysogeny broth (LB) PreparationLysosome - Definition, Structure, Functions, TypesLysosomes Definition, Structure, Formation, Functions, Types and DiagramLytic Cycle - Definition, Steps, Importance, ExamplesMMacConkey Agar - Composition, Uses, Colony CharacteristicsMacroevolution - Definition, Principle, Process, Features, ExamplesMacronutrients - Definition, Importance, ExamplesMacrophage - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsMagnetic Stirrer - Definition, Principle, Types, Parts, UsesMajor Histocompatibility Complex I - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsMajor Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC II molecules) - Structure, Mechanism and FunctionsMalonate Test Principle, Procedure, ResultsMammals (Mammalia) - General characters and Classification up to OrderMannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesMantoux Test - Procedure, Normal Range and Result InterpretationMarchantia Definition, Structure, Reproduction, ClassificationMartin Lewis Agar Composition, Preparation, Principle, UsesMass Spectrometry (MS) - Principle, Parts, Working, Steps, UsesMasson’s Trichrome Staining - Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesMast cell - Definition, Structure, FunctionsMayer's Hemalum Solution Preparation and ApplicationMcIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar Principle, ProcedureMeasles Virus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisMeasurement of Bacterial GrowthMeasurement Of Microorganisms - MicrometryMechanical and chemical digestion of food - Absorptions of Differenet MoleculesMechanical Stage of a MicroscopeMechanism of Action of Antiviral DrugsMechanisms of BehaviourMechanisms of Protein Synthesis Regulation in Eukaryotes CellsMechanisms of Protein Synthesis Regulation in Prokaryotic CellsMedical Significance of Gram-Negative Cocci and CoccobacilliMeiosis - Definition, Types, Steps, Importance, ExamplesMembrane Bioreactor (MBR) - Principle, Types, Process, UsesMembrane Carbohydrate Types, Structure, and FunctionMembrane Filtration Method, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications.Membrane Lipids - Definition, Structure, Formation, FunctionsMembrane Proteins - Definition, Types, FunctionsMendel’s Law of Dominance - Definition, Characteristics, Limitations, ExamplesMendel’s Law of Independent Assortment - Definition, Examples, LimitationsMendel’s Law of Segregation - Definition, Principle, Examples, LimitationsMendelian Inheritance & Mendelian Genetics - Definition, Experiment, Laws, ExceptionsMesenchymal Stromal Cells - Definition, Structure, Location, and FunctionMesophyll cells Definition, Location, Structure, Function, MicroscopyMesosomes Definition, FunctionsMetamorphosis - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Importance, ExamplesMetaphase - Definition, Stages, ApplicationsMethod for Balancing in Laboratory - Weight or Mass MeasurementMethods of food preservation - Physical and Chemical Methods Methyl Red (MR) Test - Principle, Procedure, Results, UsesMethylene Blue Reduction TestMHC Genes - H-2 Complex and HLA ComplexMHC Molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex) - Definition, Properties, Class, Types, PathwaysMIC Test Strip - Quantitative assay for determining the Minimum Inhibitory ConcentrationMicrobe-Microbe InteractionsMicrobe-Plant interaction - Types, ExamplesMicrobial Control MethodsMicrobial degradation of cellulose - Enzymes, Steps, MechanismsMicrobial Degradation of Chitin - Definition, Microorganisms, Enzymes, Steps, MechanismsMicrobial degradation of hemicellulose - Definition, Enzymes, Steps, MechanismsMicrobial Degradation of Lignin - Microorganisms, Enzymes, Steps, Mechanisms, ChallengesMicrobial degradation of Pectin - Enzymes, Steps, MechanismsMicrobial Food Spoilage Causes, Classification, Process, FactorsMicrobial interaction - Definition, Types, Characteristics, ExamplesMicrobial spoilage of Beverages and their preservationMicrobial Spoilage of Canned foods And Its Preservation Methods - Canning StepsMicrobial spoilage of fish and fish products and its preservationMicrobial Spoilage of Milk and Milk Products - Cream, Butter, Cheese, Yoghurt, Ice-creamMicrobodies: Peroxisomes and GlyoxysomesMicrodase Test Principle, Procedure, ResultMicroevolution - Definition, Causes, ExamplesMicrofilaments - Definition, Structure, FunctionMicroinjection - Definition, Types, Principle, Steps ApplicationsMicroorganism - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesMicroorganisms in food Spoilage - Microbes in food spoilageMicropipettes – Parts, Types, Applications, TechniquesMicroprojectile Bombardment - Definition, Components, Steps, ApplicationsMicropropagation Definition, Application, Advantages, DisadvantagesMicroscope Nosepiece - ExplainedMicroscope Slides Preparation Step By Step GuideMicrosporum spp. culture, infections, treatment, prevention.Microtome - Principle, Parts, Types, and UsesMicrotubules - Definition, Structure, FunctionsMicrovilli - Definition, Structure, Functions and DiagramMiddlebrook Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesMigration in birds - Definition, Types, Reasons, DisadvantagesMigration In Fishes - Definition, Types, Significance, ExamplesMilk Pasteurization Definition, Procedure, Types, PurposeMillon’s Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesmiRNA (microRNA) Structure, Functions, ApplicationMitochondria - Definition, Origin, Structure, FunctionsMitochondria Structure worksheetMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Replication Mechanism, FactorsMitochondrial Shuttles and Transporter Proteins.Mitosis - Definition, Phases, Significance, FunctionsMode of action of antibiotics and classification.Mode of Transport Across Plasma MembraneModels of Energy Flow in a Ecosystem - Linear and Y-shaped food chainsModern Contraceptive TechnologiesModes of Nutrition in Protists - Types, Processes, ExampleModified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion MethodModified Thayer Martin Agar Composition, Preparation, and PrincipleMoist Heat Sterilization Principle, Advantages, DisadvantagesMolecule - Definition, Types, Characteristics, ExamplesMolisch’s Test Objective, Principle, Procedure, ResultMonkeypox Virus - Pictures, Structure, Classification, Prevention, Treatment, SpreadMonoclonal Antibodies - Definition, Types, Production, Side Effect, ApplicationsMonocot and Dicot Leaves Definition, Structure, Differences, and ExamplesMonocot Seed Definition, Structure, Example, CharacteristicsMonocytes - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsMonohybrid Cross - Definition, Steps, Examples, PracticeMonosaccharides - Definition, Structure, Types, ExamplesMorphology of Bacteria - Sizes, Shapes, Arrangements, Examples With ImagesMoss - Definition, Types, Life Cycle, Importance, ExamplesMost Infectious and Deadliest Diseases Caused By BacteriaMost Probable Number (MPN) Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultsMotility - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesmRNA Degradation in Prokaryotic CellsmRNA Structure, Definition, Functions, TypesMucic acid test - Principle, Procedure, ResultMucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT) - Definition, Features, Structure, Functions and ExamplesMueller Hinton Agar (MHA) Composition, Principle, PreparationMultiple Alleles - Definition, Characteristics, Examples, ImportanceMumps Virus - Definition, Replication, Structure, Genome, PathogenesisMuscle - Definition, Types, Structure, FunctionsMuscle Cell - Definition, Structure, Functions, ExamplesMuscular Tissue - Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Types, FunctionsMutarotation - Definition, Mechanism, Measurement, ExampleMutualism - Definition, Types, ExamplesMycology - Defintion, History, Career, ImportanceMycorrhiza - Definition, Types, Examples, ImportanceMyeloperoxidase staining Principle, Procedure, Result.NNagler Reaction - Lecithinase TestNaked DNA - Definition, Applications, Advantages, DisadvantagesNanodrop Spectrophotometer - Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsNative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)Natural killer (NK) cells - Definition, Structure, Function, MechanismNecrosis - Definition, Types, Mechanism, CausesNegative Feedback - Definition, Mechanism, Importance, ExamplesNegative staining of Viruses - Principle, Procedure, UsesNegative Staining Principle, Procedure, ResultNelson Somogyi Method for Determination of reducing sugarsNeo-Darwinism TheoryNephron - Definition, Structure, Physiology, FunctionsNervous System - Definition, Parts, FunctionsNervous System of EarthwormNervous System of FrogNervous tissue - Definition, Structure, Location, Characteristics, Types, FunctionsNeuromuscular Junction - Definition, Structure, Steps, SignificanceNeuron - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsNeutralization Test - Definition, Principle, Types, Procedure, Results, ApplicationsNeutrophil - Definition, Structure, FunctionsNew York City Agar Composition, Preparation, Result, UsesNext Generation Sequencing - Principle, Steps Involved, and ApplicationsNext-Generation Sequencing (NGS)- Definition, Types, Applications, LimitationsNinhydrin Test Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesNipah Virus (NiV) - Definition, Structure, Genome, Replication, TransmissionNitrate Reduction Test Procedure, Principle, ResultNitrite Reduction Test Principle, Procedure, ResultNitrocefin test Principle, Procedure, UsesNitrogen Cycle - Definition, Steps, Importance, ExamplesNitrogen Fixation - Definition, Importance, ProcessesNMR Spectroscopy - Definition, Principle, Steps, Parts, UsesNodulation Steps, Structure, FunctionsNon-Specific Immune Response - Definition, MechanismNormal Human Microbiota Definition, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages.Northern Blotting Protocol, Principle, Application, ResultNorwalk Virus (Norovirus) Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention, TreatmentNosocomial Infection and its Prevention, Source, TransmissionNovobiocin Susceptibility Test Principle, Procedure, ResultsNuclear Fast Red Solution Preparation and ApplicationNuclear Staining by Giemsa stain: Procedure, Principle, ResultNuclear Staining of Filamentous FungiNucleoid - Definition, Functions, CharacteristicsNucleolus - Definition, Structure, FunctionsNucleoside - Definition, Types, Structure, FunctionsNucleotide Biosynthesis Pathways - Salvage pathway and De novo synthesisNucleotide Databases - Definition, Types, Examples, UsesNucleotides and Nucleosides - Definition, Structure, Function, TypesNucleus - Definition, Structure, Diagram, and FunctionsNucleus & Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure 3D WorksheetNucleus & Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure WorksheetNutrient Agar - Principle, Composition, Preparation, Results, UsesNutritional types of bacteria: Classification of bacteria based on Nutritional RequirementNylander’s Test for Carbohydrates Principle, Procedure, ResultOo-Nitrophenyl-b-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test Principle, ProcedureObelia - Definition, Structure, Metagenesis, ReproductionObligate Anaerobes - Definition, Identification, Mechanism, Uses, ExamplesOcular Micrometer - Definition, Principle, Parts, ApplicationsOF (Oxidation-Fermentation) Test Principle, Purpose, ProcedureOil Immersion technique, objectives, Resolving Power, Used for, Types.Okazaki Fragments - Definition, Discovery, Formation, Enzymes, ImportanceOne Step Growth Curve of VirusOnion Cells Under a MicroscopeOperon - Structure, Definition, Types, FunctionsOpsonization - Definition, Mechanism, Types, ExamplesOptochin Susceptibility Test: Principle, Objective, Procedure And ResultsOrganic Waste Recycling - Definition, Characteristics, Methods, Steps, SignificanceOrganism - Definition, Types, Structure, ExamplesOrgans of Immune System – Lymphoid OrgansOriental Fermented Foods Orientation Patterns of BehaviourOrigin and Evolution of ManOrigin of Chordates - Dipleurula concept, Echinoderm theoryOrnithine Decarboxylase Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultOsazone Test for Carbohydrates Principle, Procedure, ResultOsmotic Pressure - Definition, Equations, Types, Importance, ExamplesOssification (Bone Growth and Development) - Definition, Steps, ImportanceOsteichthyes - Characteristics, Classification and ExamplesOuchterlony Double Immunodiffusion MethodOverview of Bacillus anthracisOxidase Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationOxidation Pond - Definition, MechanismsOxidative Phosphorylation - Definition, Steps, Enzymes, FactorsOxidizing Agent - Definition, Factors, Applications, ExamplesOxygen Toxicity - Mechanism, Damages, Protective MechanismOzone Treatment as a Food Preservation TechniquePPyramid of Numbers - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplesP-value definition, significance, formula, table, finding p-valuePAM Sequence (Protospacer adjacent motif) - Definition, Functions, PropertiesPapanicolaou Staining (Pap stain) - Principle, Procedure, Results, ApplicationsPaper Chromatography Principle, Types, Instrumentation, StepsPapovaviruses - OverviewParamecium Cell Definition, Characteristics, Classification, Movement, Diagram.Paramecium Under MicroscopeParasexual cycle in FungiParasitism - Definition, Types, ExamplesParasporal Crystal Stain Principle, Procedure, ResultParental Care in Fishes - Different Methods with ExamplesParthenogenesis - Definition, TypesParts of a compound microscope WorksheetParts of a Microscope and their functionParts of a Microscope and Their FunctionsParts of a Microscope WorksheetParvovirus - Definition, Classification, Morphology, DiagnosisPassive Immunity - Definition, Types, Characteristics, ExamplesPassive Immunization - Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages, ExamplesPassive Transport - Definition, Types, ExamplesPasteurization - Definition, Types, Process, UsesPathogen Virulence Factors Definition and PathogenicityPauly’s Test - Definition, Principle, Procedure, UsesPCR Machine - Definition, Principle, Parts, Types Steps, Applications, ExamplesPenicillin ProductionPenicillin Under a MicroscopePenicillium chrysogenum - Morphology, Habitat, CharacteristicsPentose Phosphate Pathway - Definition, Steps, Regulation, ImportancePeptide Bond - Definition, Structure, Formation, Hydrolysis, ExamplesPeptone Water - Principle, Composition, Preparation, UsesPeptone Yeast Dextrose Broth (Cantino) - Composition, Principle, Preparation, UsesPeriodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) Staining - Principle, Procedure, result, UsesPeripheral Protein - Structure, Examples, FunctionsPeroxide Value Test Principle, Procedure, ResultPeroxisomes -Definition, Structure, Enzymes, and FunctionsPest - Definition, Types, Resurgence, ImportancePetri dish - Definition, Structure, Types, UsesPH Meter - Principle, Parts, Types, Procedure, Calibration, Application, ExamplesPhagocytosis - Definition, Steps, and ExamplePhase Contrast Microscopy: definition, parts, uses, working principle.Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method for Total CarbohydratesPhenotype - Definition, Importance, ExamplesPhenylalanine Deaminase Test Principle, Procedure, ResultPhenylethyl Alcohol Agar - Composition, Preparation, Uses, LimitationPhosphorus Cycle Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, and Human ImpactsPhoto bioreactor Definition, Types, Application, AdvantagesPhotoautotroph - Definition, Importance, ExamplesPhotosynthesis - Definition, Steps, Equation, Process, Diagram, ExamplesPhotosynthetic Bacteria Examples, Definition, Vs Chemosynthetic BacteriaPhotosystem I (PS1) - Structure, FunctionsPhototropism - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Importance, ExamplesPhyllosphere Microorganisms - Examples, Factors, EffectsPhylogenetic Tree - Definition, Types, Steps, Methods, UsesPhylogeny - Definition, Importance, Limitations, ExamplesPhylum - Definition, Importance, ExamplesPhylum Annelida - Definition, Characteristics, Classification, ExamplesPhylum Annelida Definition, Characteristics, ClassificationPhylum Arthropoda Definition, Classification, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Aschelminthes classification, characteristics, examplesPhylum Aschelminthes Definition, Examples, CharacteristicsPhylum Ascomycota OverviewPhylum Chordata Definition, Characteristics, ClassesPhylum Cnidaria - General characteristics and classificationPhylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) Definition, Classification, CharacteristicsPhylum Ctenophora - Characteristics, Classification, ExamplesPhylum Ctenophora Definition, Classification, Characteristics, examplesPhylum Echinodermata - Definition, Classification, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Hemichordata - Definition, Classification, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Mollusca Classification, Definition, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Nemathelminthes - Definition, General Characteristics, ClassificationPhylum Nematoda Classification, Definition, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Onychophora - Characteristics, ClassificationPhylum Platyhelminthes - Characteristics, Classification, ExamplesPhylum Platyhelminthes Classification, Definition, Characteristics, ExamplesPhylum Porifera Definition, Characteristics, ClassificationPhylum Porifera: Definition, General Characteristics, Classification, Structure, ReproductionPhysical Methods of SterilizationPhysiological Buffer preparationPhysiology of hearing - Ear Structure, FunctionsPhysiology of Vision - Eye Structure, Function, Vision MechanismPhytoplankton - Definition, Types, Importance, ExamplePhytoremediation - Definition, Types, MechanismsPicric Acid Test for Glucose - Principle, Procedure, ResultPipette - Definition, Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsPipetting - Technique, Definition, TypesPlacenta - Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsPlant cell Structure, Definition, Diagram, OrganellesPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)Plant Tissue Culture Definition, techniques, Media composition, types, application.Plasmid Replication - Mechanism With DiagramPlasmids - Definition, Structure, Functions, ExamplesPlasmodesmata: Definition, Structure, Functions and DiagramPlasmodium Definition, Life Cycle, Characteristics, Morphology, DiagramPlasmodium vivax - Life Cycle in Man and in MosquitoPlasmolysis - Definition, Stages, Functions, Examples,Plastids - Types, Structure, FunctionsPlate Count Agar (PCA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesPlatelets (Thrombocytes) - Definition, Structure, FunctionPneumocystosis - Causative Agent, Treatment, PreventionPocket Microscope - Definition, Parts, Principle, Uses, TypesPoison Apparatus And The Biting Mechanism of SnakesPolarizing Microscopes - Principle, Definition, Parts, ApplicationsPolio Virus - Structure, Genome, Replicationm, PathogenesisPollen Under The MicroscopePolyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Definition, Steps, Principle, ApplicationPolymorphism in cnidariansPolysaccharide - Definition, Types, Structure, Functions, ExamplesPond Water Under the MicroscopePopulation - Definition, Characteristics, Growth, Regulation, TypesPositive Displacement Pipette - Principle, Procedure, Applications, AdvantagesPositive staining of Viruses - Principle, Procedure, ResultPost-glycolysis processesPost-transcriptional Modification - Definition, Types, Process, ImportancePotato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Principle, Composition, Preparation, UsesPour Plate Method Principle, Procedure, Objective, Result, AdvantagesPoxviruses - Definition, Classification, Morphology, Life cyclePrebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, MechanismsPrecipitation Reaction - Definition, Principle, TypesPredation - Definition, Types, ExamplesPreparation of Crystal Violet for the Gram StainPreparation of Different pH BufferPreparation of Liquid Medium/brothPreparation of Solid Media - Agar deep tubes, Agar Slants, PlatesPreparation Of Temporary Cotton Plugs and Permanent Cotton PlugsPreservation and Spoilage of Canned FoodsPreservation and Spoilage of Sugars and Sugar ProductsPreservation of Meat and Meat Products From Microbial SpoilagePreservation of Milk and Milk Products From Microbial SpoilagePreservation, and Spoilage of Meats and Meat ProductsPreservation, and Spoilage of Milk and Milk ProductsPreservation, and Spoilage of PoultryPreservation, and Spoilage of Vegetables and FruitPrimary and Secondary Immune ResponsePrimary Databases - Definition, Types, Examples, ApplicationsPrimer - Definition, Primer Design, Types, Online Tools, UsesPrinciples and aerodynamics of flight in Aves (bird) and Flight adaptationsPrinciples of Food PreservationPrions: Definition, Structure, Function, Disease, Prevention, Control, Treatment, Transmission.Probiotics - Definition, Mechanisms, Health EffectsProcesses of Evolutionary ChangeProducers - Definition, Types, ExamplesProduction Strain - Screening, Development, Preservation, PreparationProkaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic CellProkaryotic cells - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, ExamplesProkaryotic DNA Replication - Initiation, Elongation, TerminationProkaryotic Ribosomes - Definition, Subunits, FunctionPrometaphase - Definition, Stages, ImportanceProphase - Definition, Staining, Steps, ImportanceProphase I - Definition, Stages, ImportanceProphase II - Definition, Stages, ImportanceProtein Databases - Definition, Types, Examples, ApplicationsProtein Purification MethodsProtein Synthesis (Translation)- Definition, Steps, Sites, MachineryProtein Synthesis Inhibitors - Definition, Mechanism, ExamplesProteins - Structure, Properties, Type, Denaturation, FunctionsProteus - OverviewProtist Under MicroscopeProtoplast Culture MethodsProtoplasts Definition, Application and Protoplasts CultureProtoplasts fusion - Somatic fusionProtoplasts IsolationProtozoa Definition, Classification, Characteristics, Structure, Diseases, ExamplesProtozoa Definition, Occurrence, EcologyProtozoa: Structure and Locomotor OrganellesPRP Centrifuge - Definition, Types, Parts, ApplicationsPseudomonas aeruginosa - Habitat, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, TreatmentPseudomonas Aeruginosa on Macconkey AgarPseudomonas Aeruginosa Under Microscope (Gram Staining)Pseudopod - Definition, Types, Formation, Functions, ExamplesPseudostratified columnar epithelium Definition, Structure, Function, TypesPuberty - Definition, Importance, Changes in Male and FemalePublication of a Research ReportPulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) ProtocolPulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) - Definition, Types, Steps, ApplicationsPYR Test Principle, Procedure, ResultPyramid of Biomass - Definition, Types, ExamplesPyrimidines and Purines Nucleotides - Structure, Occurrence and PropertiesPyronin Y (PY) Solution Preparation and ApplicationPyruvate Broth Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, ResultPython Programming Language in BioinformaticsQQuantitative Buffy Coat Test (QBC Test)Questionnaires and SchedulesRR Programming Language in BioinformaticsRabies Virus - Structure, Genome Organization, Pathogenesis, ReplicationRadial Immunodiffusion - Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesRadiation Sterilization Types, Mechanism, ApplicationsRadioimmunoassay (RIA) Test - Definition, Principle, Procedure, Results, UsesRapid Furfural Test for Glucose and FructoseRapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationsRCF Centrifugation and RPM CentrifugationReal Time PCR (RT-PCR) - Definition, Principle, Protocol, Application, AdvantagesReceptor - Definition, Structure, Types, Mechanism, Importance, ExamplesRecombinant DNA - Definition, Formation, Applications, ExamplesRecombinant DNA Technology Steps, Application, Tools, and LimitationsRed Blood Cell Morphology - Size, Shape, Color and Inclusion BodiesReflex Action - Definition, Types, Mechanism & ExamplesRegeneration - Definition, Types, Mechanism, ExamplesRegulation of GlycolysisReproduction In Protista and Life CycleReproduction in Protozoa: Sexual reproduction, Asexual reproductionReproduction of Fungi: Sexual, Asexual and Vegetative ReproductionReproductive System - Development and DifferentiationReproductive System of EarthwormReptilia - Definition, Characteristics, ClassificationResearch - Definition, Objectives, Components, Steps, SignificanceRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Definition, Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisRespiratory System of FrogRespiratory System of Vertebrata - Skin, Gills, Lungs and Air SacsRestriction Digest Protocol, Principle, resultRestriction Enzyme (Restriction Endonuclease) - Definition, Types, Examples, FunctionsRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)Reticulocyte Count : Principle, Procedure, Calculations and Clinical SignificancesRetrogressive Metamorphosis in UrochordatesReverse Blood Grouping Principle, Procedure, ResultReverse CAMP test Principle, Procedure, ResultReverse transfection - Definition, Protocol, ApplicationsReversed-Phase Chromatography - Principle, Protocol, ApplicationsRh Blood Group System - Definition, Antigens, AntibodyRhizopus microsporus - overviewRhizopus nigricans - Life Cycle, Repoduction, Morphology, PathogenesisRhizopus oligosporus - OverviewRhizopus sporangia - OverviewRhizopus spp - Structure, Life cycle, Habitat, PathogenesisRhizopus stolonifer: Life Cycle, Habitat, Nutrition, Disease, Importance.Rhizopus Under MicroscopeRhizosphere - Definition, Microflora, Structure, ImportanceRibosome - Types, Structure, Function, and DiagramRibosome Structure WorksheetRibozymes (RNA enzymes) - Definition, Structure, Function, TypesRickettsia Infection - Transmission, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, TreatmentRing Precipitation Test Principle, Procedure, ResultRNA - Definition, Structure, Types, ApplicationRNA Interference (RNAi) - Definition, Mechanism, ApplicationRNA Polymerase - Structure, Definition, Types, and FunctionsRNA Splicing Definition, Types, MechanismsRobertson’s Cooked Meat Medium (RCM Medium) - Composition, Preparation, UsesRocket Immunoelectrophoresis - Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationRole of ADH, Angiotensin and Aldosterone In OsmoregulationRolling Circle Replication - Mechanism, ApplicationRomanowsky Stains - Principle, Types, ApplicationsRotavirus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisRothera's test - Definition, Principle, Procedure, ResultRotor Stator Homogenizers - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesRough vs Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumrRNA Structure, Definition, Types, FunctionsSSabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Composition, Preparation, Principle, Uses, ResultsSaccharomyces Life cycle, Morphology, Economic Importance.Salmonella - Morphology, Antigenic structure, Cultural and Biochemical CharacteristicsSalmonella Shigella Agar (SS Agar) Principle, Composition, ApplicationSalmonella Under MicroscopeSalmonellosis - Food Infection and Food Poisoning by SalmonellaSalt Meat BrothSalt Tolerance Test Principle, Purpose, Procedure, ResultSample Preparation and compositionSandwich (Davson–Danielli) model of cell membraneSandwich ELISA - Definition, Principle, Steps, AdvantagesSaprophytes - Definition, Types, Characteristics, Nutritions, ExamplesSARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Transmission, pathogenesis, replicationSatellitism Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationsScanning Electron Microscope: Definition, Parts, Application, Principle, AdvantagesSchistosoma haematobium: Life cycle, pathogenicity and prophylaxisSchistosomiasis: Life cycle, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention.Schizosaccharomyces: Morphology, Reproduction, life cycleScientific Method - Dfinition, Steps, Examples, ImportanceScope of EpidemiologyScope of MicrobiologyScope of Microbiology in NursingScope of ZoologySDS-PAGE - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)Seafood Toxins and Fish & Shellfish PoisoningSecondary Databases - Definition, Types, Examples, UsesSecretion - Definition, Mechanism, ImportanceSecretory Vesicles Definition, Structure, Functions, and DiagramSelenite F Broth Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesSeliwanoff's Test Principle, Procedure, ResultSemiconservative Replication of DNA - MechanismSensory Receptors - Definition, Types, Mechanism, FunctionsSequence Alignment - Definition, Types, Tools, ApplicationsSere Community - Definition, ClassificationSerial Dilution Method - Definition, Procedure, ApplicationSerratia marcescens - OverviewSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)Sewage Treatment - Wastewater Treatment ProcedureSexual Behaviour - Definition, Types, FactorsSheep blood agar Composition, Principle, Procedure, Uses.Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)shRNA (Short-hairpin RNA) Structure, Definition, MechanismSignal Transduction Pathway - Definition, Types, Functions, ExamplesSilent Mutation - Definition, Causes, Mehcanism, Examples, ApplicationsSilver Staining - Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsSimmons Citrate Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesSimmons citrate agar test - Procedure, Principle, Result, Example.Simple columnar epithelium definition, structure, functions, examplesSimple diffusion definition, principle, examples, applicationsSimple Microscope: Working Principle, Uses, Parts, and their Functions.Simple Staining Procedure, Principle, ResultSingle Cell Protein (SCP) – Definition, Sources, Production, UsesSingle Pan or Unequal Arm Mechanical BalanceSingle Use Bioreactor - Principle, Parts, Types, UsessiRNA (Small Interfering RNA) - Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsSkeletal System - Definition, Types, Anatomy, FunctionsSludge Wastes Treatment - Methods, Types, Factors, UsesSmall nuclear RNA (snRNA) - Structure, Types, DefinitionSmooth Muscle - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsSoil Biology - Definition, Types, Proterties, ImportanceSoil Formation (Pedogenesis)- Definition, Factors, Process, Steps, ExamplesSoil Microorganisms - Types, Examples, Factors, Importance Soil profile and Soil Horizon - Definition, Types, ImportanceSolid State Fermentation (SSF) - Definition, Steps, Bioreactor, ApplicationsSolid Waste ManagementSolubility Tests of Proteins Principle, Procedure, Result, ApplicationSolution and Cell/Culture/Growth Media PreparationsSorbitol MacConkey Agar Composition, Preparation and UsesSOS Repair - SOS Response in BacteriaSouthern Blotting Definition, Principle, Steps, ImportanceSpectrometer vs SpectrophotometerSpectrophotometer - Principle, Parts, Types, Mechanism, UsesSpectrophotometer Cuvette - Features, Types, Materials, Precautions, AdvantagesSphaeroplasts Definition, Formation, ApplicationsSphagnum habit, characteristics, structure, reproductionSphingolipid – Definition, Structure, Types, FunctionsSpinal Cord - Definition, Structure, FunctionsSpindle Fibers - Definition, Types, Structure, Formation, FunctionsSpirochete - Definition, Morphology, DiseasesSpirogyra - Definition, Structure, Life Cycle, Diagram, ReproductionSpleen - Definition, Location, Structure and FunctionsSpliceosome - Definition, Types, Structure, MechanismSpoilage and Defects of Fermented Dairy Products Spoilage of Chocolate and Its PreservationSpoilage of Confectionery and Its PreservationSpoilage of Eggs - Contamination, Preservation StepsSpontaneous Generation - Definition, Experiments, ImportanceSporangium - Definition, Characteristics, Structure, ImportanceSporothrix schenckii - Morphology, Pathogenesis, TransmissionSporozoa - Definition, Examples, Classification and CharacteristicsSpot Indole Test - Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesSpread Plate Method: Procedure, Principle, Purpose, Result.SSC (Northern Blot, 20x) and SSPE (Blot, 20x, pH 7.4) Preparation and RecipeStage Micrometer - Definition, Principle, Parts, Procedure, ApplicationsStages in Chick Embryo DevelopmentStaphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) - Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxinsStaphylococcus aureusStarch Casein Agar (SCA) Composition, Principle, PreparationStarch Hydrolysis Test - Principle, Procedure, Results, UsesStarter Culture - Definition, Types, Preparation, and ApplicationsStarter Cultures Preparation, Maintenance and PreservationStem cell - Definition, Types, Application, AdvantagesStem cell culture - Definition, Types, Application, PreparationStereoisomerism - Definition, Types, Structure, FunctionsStokes Disc Diffusion Method - Principle, Procedure, Result.Stomata Under Microscope - Temporary Mount TechniqueStorage Granules - Definition, Structure, FunctionsStratified Cuboidal EpitheliumStratified squamous epithelium Function, Definition, Location, Types.Streak Plate Method: Patterns, Procedure, PrincipleStreptococcus pneumoniae - Habitat, Morphology, GenomesStreptococcus Selective Agar - Composition, Preparation, and PrincipleStroma in chloroplast and Stroma in Animal TissueStrongyloides stercoralis (Parasitic Roundworm)Structural Isomer - Definition, Types, ExamplesStructure and Function of Ecosystems - Definition, TypesStructure and Genome of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with diagramStructure of Gram-negative cell wallStructure of Gram-positive cell wallStudy of Aspergillus by using Temporary Mount TechniqueStudy of biting and chewing, and piercing and sucking type of mouth partsStudy of Chlamydomonas and Volvox by using Whole mountStudy of larval forms In ProtochordatesStudy of Penicillium using Temporary MountStudy of Rhizopus by using Temporary Mount.Subculturing technique for Broth CultureSubculturing Technique In Agar Slant/Agar PlateSubmandibular Gland - Definition, Structure, FunctionsSucrose gradient centrifugationSudan Black B Staining - Principle, Procedure, ApplicationsSulfur Reduction Test - Principle, Purpose, Procedure, ResultSulphosalicylic Acid Test for Proteinuria: Principle, Procedure, Result, UsesSulphur cycle - Definition, Steps, Types, ImportanceSuperantigens (SAgs) - Definition, Structure, ExamplesSXT Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultSymbiosis - Definition, Types, ExamplesSynapse - Definition, Parts, Types & FunctionSynchronous culture Definition, Methods, Application.Synthesis of Fatty AcidTT cell (T Lymphocyte) - Definition, Structure, Types, Development, FunctionsT Dependent Antigen and T Independent AntigenTaenia solium - Structure, Reproduction, Life Cycle, CharacteristicsTaproot vs Fibrous root - Difference between Taproot and Fibrous root Tautomer (Tautomerism) - Definition, Types, Example, ApplicationsTaxonomy - Definition, Hierarchy, Example, ImportanceTCBS Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesTelophase - Definition, Mechanism, SignificanceTemporary Dry Mount Slides Preparation ProcedureTemporary Wet Mount (TWM) technique for observation of Living Organisms.Teratogenesis - Definition, Factors, MechanismTerrestrial Ecosystem - Definition, Types, ExamplesTesting of Disinfectants (evaluation methods of disinfectants)Thallus Organisation in AlgaeThe Complement Pathway, Activation, Functions, and Deficiencies.The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP)The Glyoxylate Cycle: Definition, Steps, Functions.The Human Genome Project - An OverviewThe Michaelis–Menten Model and its Plot, Equation, ImportanceThe most lethal viruses of all TimeThe progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the respiratory systemThe Wobble Hypothesis - Definition, Exaplanation, ImportanceThermodynamics - Definition, Types, 1st, 2nd, 3rd LawTheta Model of Replication - Definition, MechanismThick and Thin Blood Smear for Malaria DiagnosisThin Layer Chromatography - Principle, Components, Procedure, ApplicationThioglycollate Broth Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesThymus Gland - Definition, Structure, Location, Hormones, FunctionsTissue Homogenizer - Definition, Parts, Types, ProcedureTollens’ Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.Toluidine blue stain of Mast Cell.Tonicity Definition, Types, ExamplesToolmakers Microscope - Principle, Procedure, Parts, ApplicationsTools and Techniques Used in ResearchTop 10 Difference Between Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, PlantaeTop 11 Books for Cell BiologyTop 13 Lab Techniques You Must KnowTop 14 books for Industrial MicrobiologyTop 14 Difference Between Monera and ProtistaTop 15 Books for Food and diary MicrobiologyTop 15 Books for Molecular BiologyTop 16 Infectious and Deadliest Diseases Caused By BacteriaTop 17 Books for GeneticsTop 18 books for Environmental MicrobiologyTop 22 Difference Between Bacteria and VirusTop 30 Differences Between Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya.Top 6 Books For Biofertilizers and BiopesticidesTop 6 Books on Microbial Physiology and MetabolismTop 8 AI Generated Picture of MicroscopeTop and Best Books for MicrobiologyTop and Best Books on VirologyTop Biotech Companies of IndiaTop M.Sc in Microbiology (Private and Government) colleges in West Bengal (Wb)Top Universities in West Bengal Offering MicrobiologyTopoisomerase - Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, MechanismTorovirus - Structure, Genome, Replication, PathogenesisTotal Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count – Procedure, Principle, resultTotal White Blood Cell (WBC) Count - Total Leucocyte Count (TLC)Toxigenic Fungi And Fungal Mycotoxins In FoodTraditional Indian Fermented Foods Transcription In Prokaryotes Definition, Stages, SignificanceTransfection - Definition, Types, Principle, ApplicationsTransfection PEI (Polyethylenimine) ProtocolTransfection Protocols - Principle, Protocol, UsesTransfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) Definition, Structure, PropertiesTransgenic Plants Examples, Definition, Procedure, ApplicationTransitional epithelium Definition, Structure, Function, Location, and ExampleTranslation In Eukaryotes - Protein synthesis in EukaryoticTranslational regulation - Definition, MechanismTranslocation in Prokaryotes - Components, Steps, Enzymes, SitesTransmission Electron Microscope: Definition, Parts, Working Principle, Applications, Advantages, DisadvantagesTransmission of DiseasesTransplantation - Definition, Types, ExamplesTransport Media - Definition, Types, Principle, Uses, ExamplesTransposable elements - Definition, Types, Examples, ApplicationTransposition - Definition, Types, MechanismTreponema Pallidum - Definition, Structure, Transmission, Pathogenesis, TreatmentTrichomes Under MicroscopeTrichonympha Under MicroscopeTrichophyton spp - Morphology, Life cycle, PathogenesisTrinocular Microscope - Definition, Principle, Parts, Protocol, UsesTriosephosphate Isomerase - Definition, Structure, Mechanism, FunctionsTriple Beam Balance - Parts, Procedure, UsesTriple Sugar Iron (TSI) - Test Principle, Procedure, ResultTriple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesTris-SDS Buffer Preparation of pH 6.8 and 8.8 for SDS PAGEtRNA Structure, Definition, Functions, TypesTropism - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples, ImportanceTrypanosoma gambiense - Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis, Structure, TreatmentTryptic Soy Agar (TSA) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesTryptone Soya Broth for the enrichment of Staph. aureusTryptophan (Trp) Operon - 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Structure, Functions, Synthesis, DeficiencyVitamin K - Structure, Properties, Biological roles and DeficiencyVitamins - Classification, Source, Importance, ExampleViva Questions Answers on Urea Cycle - FlashcardVoges Proskauer (VP) Test - Principle, Procedure, ResultsVolvox - Definition, Characterisitcs, Structure, ReproductionVolvox Under MicroscopeVortex Mixer - Definition, Principle, Parts, UsesVRBA(Violet Red Bile Agar) Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, UsesWWaste Source, Definition, Types, ImpactsWater Distiller - Working Principle, Parts, Types, UsesWatson and Crick DNA ModelWave Bioreactor - Principle, Parts, Types, UsesWest Nile Virus (WNV) - Structure, Genome, Replication, Pathogenesis, TreatmentWestern Blot Protocol, Principle, Result.What are Immune Booster Foods?What are Telomeres and Telomerases?What are the Branches of zoology?What are the Pathotypes of E. coli? - ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC, DAECWhat is Algae? 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